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    Jefferson Adams
    Jefferson Adams

    High Smad7 Sustains Inflammatory Cytokine Response in Refractory Celiac Disease

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    What does it mean that high Smad7 sustains inflammatory cytokine response in refractory celiac disease?

    High Smad7 Sustains Inflammatory Cytokine Response in Refractory Celiac Disease - Photo: CC--Frederic Rubensson
    Caption: Photo: CC--Frederic Rubensson

    Celiac.com 12/07/2016 - Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is a form of celiac disease that does not respond to treatment with gluten-free diet, and often involves greater risk of complications.

    The guts of many RCD patients over-produce effector cytokines, which are supposed to amplify the tissue-destructive immune response. However, it remains unclear if the RCD-associated mucosal inflammation is sustained by defects in counter-regulatory mechanisms.

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    A team of researchers recently set out to determine whether RCD-related inflammation is marked by high Smad7, an intracellular inhibitor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 activity. The research team included S Sedda, V De Simone, I Marafini, G Bevivino, R Izzo, OA Paoluzi, A Colantoni, A Ortenzi, P Giuffrida, GR Corazza, A Vanoli, A Di Sabatino, F Pallone, and G Monteleone. They are variously affiliated with the Department of Systems Medicine at the University of Rome "Tor Vergata," the First Department of Internal Medicine at the Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo of the University of Pavia, and with the Department of Molecular Medicine at San Matteo Hospital at the University of Pavia in Pavia, Italy.

    The team evaluated Smad7 in duodenal biopsy samples of patients with RCD, patients with active celiac, patients with inactive celiac disease and healthy controls by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and real time-PCR. In the same samples, they used ELISA and immunohistochemistry to assess TGF-β1 and phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3, respectively.

    They evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RCD samples cultured with Smad7 sense or antisense oligonucleotide. Smad7 protein, but not RNA, expression was increased in RCD, as compared to active and inactive celiac patients and healthy controls. This increased expression was associated with defective TGF-β1 signaling, as marked by diminished p-Smad2/3 expression. TGF-β1 protein content did not differ among groups. Knockdown of Smad7 in RCD biopsy samples reduced IL-6 and TNFα expression.

    These results show that, in RCD, high Smad7 associates with defective TGF-β1 signaling, and sustains inflammatory cytokine production.

    These results suggest a novel mechanism by which amplifies mucosal cytokine response in RCD, and suggest that treatments targeting Smad7 might be helpful in RCD.

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    Guest Celiac mom

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    Interesting. So what treatments target Smad7?

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  • About Me

    Jefferson Adams

    Jefferson Adams is Celiac.com's senior writer and Digital Content Director. He earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at Arizona State University. His articles, essays, poems, stories and book reviews have appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and websites, including North American Project, Antioch Review, Caliban, Mississippi Review, Slate, and more. He is the author of more than 2,500 articles on celiac disease. His university coursework includes studies in science, scientific methodology, biology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, logic, and advanced research. He previously devised health and medical content for Colgate, Dove, Pfizer, Sharecare, Walgreens, and more. Jefferson has spoken about celiac disease to the media, including an appearance on the KQED radio show Forum, and is the editor of numerous books, including "Cereal Killers" by Scott Adams and Ron Hoggan, Ed.D.

    >VIEW ALL ARTICLES BY JEFFERSON ADAMS

     


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