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Celiac Disease & Gluten-Free Diet Forums

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Celiac Disease & Gluten-Free Diet Blogs

  • kareng's Blog
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  • An Unmistakeable Journey
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  • My tummy used to hurt....
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  • Trials and Tribulations
  • CeLiAc CeLeBrItY
  • Cee Cee's Blog
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  • ATC_BS_MS' Blog
  • learning2cope's Blog
  • Research on South African Celiac Tours
  • lindylynn's Blog
  • Celiaction's Blog
  • shelly184's Blog
  • Melissa.77's Blog
  • Keating's Not-so-Glutenfree life
  • AmandasMommy's Blog
  • Coeliac, or just plain unlucky?
  • bandanamama's Blog
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  • Scott's Celiac Blog
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  • Gluten Freedom
  • Angie Baker
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  • Elizaeloise's Gluten-Free Adventures
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  • Shelby
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  • NotMollyRingwald's Blog
  • Searchin for a Primary Care Dr. In Redlands That is Knowledgeable about Celiac disease
  • num1habsfan's Blog
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  • Celiac-Positive
  • Jason's Mommy's Blog
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  • Lauren Johnson's Celiac Blog
  • I love my plant Cactus <3
  • Chele's Blog
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  • Blues Boulevard
  • Is Heat enough??
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  • Inspiration
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  • What I've Learned
  • Da Rant Sheet
  • Michael Fowler's Blog
  • Living in Japan with Ceoliac Disease
  • mkmaren's Blog
  • MJ
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  • x1x_Stargirl_x1x's Blog
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  • Joe pilk
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  • bugs' Blog
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  • My Blog
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  • GlutenFreeLexi's Blog
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  • HONG KONG GLUTEN, WHEAT FREE PRODUCTS
  • Guth 101's Blog
  • YoAdrianne66's Blog
  • Gail Marie's Blog
  • Healthy Food Healthy You
  • SydneyT1D - Diabetic and Celiac YouTuber!
  • GFGF's Blog
  • Paramount's Blog
  • Naezer's Blog
  • Jcoursey's Blog
  • SMAS: www.celiac.com
  • gardener1's Blog
  • Naezer's Blog
  • JordanBattenSymons' Blog
  • JillianC
  • Sugar's Blog
  • Blanche22's Blog
  • Jason's Blog
  • Gluten-Free Sisters :)
  • Eab12's Celiac Blog
  • ohiodad's Blog
  • Newly Self Diagnosed?
  • misscorpiothing's Blog
  • anshika_0204's Blog
  • Petroguy
  • abqrock's Blog
  • WhoKnew?'s Blog
  • Soap Opera Central
  • nurcan's Blog
  • Cindy's Blog
  • Daughter_of_TheLight's Blog
  • nopastanopizza's Blog
  • w8in4dave's Blog
  • Mr J's Blog
  • Rachel Keating's Blog
  • paige_ann246's Blog
  • krisb's Blog
  • deetee's Blog
  • CAC's Blog
  • EmilyLinn7's Blog
  • Teri Kiefer's Blog
  • happyasabeewithceliac's Blog
  • quietmorning01's Blog
  • jaimekochan's Blog
  • Cheryl
  • Seosamh's Blog
  • donna mae's Blog
  • Colleen's blog
  • DawnJ's Blog
  • Gluten Challenge
  • twins2's Blog
  • just trying to feel better's Blog
  • Celiac Teen
  • MNBelle blog
  • Gabe351's Blog
  • moosemalibu's Blog
  • Coeliac Disease or Coeliac Sprue or Non Tropical Sprue
  • karalto's Blog
  • deacon11's Blog
  • Nyxie's Blog
  • Swpocket's Blog
  • threeringfilly's Blog
  • Madison Papers: Living Gluten-Free in a Gluten-Full World
  • babinsky's Blog
  • prettycat's Blog
  • Celiac Diagnosis at Age 24 months in 1939
  • Sandy R's Blog
  • mary m's Blog
  • Jkrupp's Blog
  • Oreo1964's Blog
  • keyboard
  • Louisa's Blog
  • Guts & Brains
  • Gluten Free Betty
  • Jesse'sGirl's Blog
  • NewMom's Blog
  • Connie C.'s Blog
  • garden girl's Blog
  • april anne's Blog
  • 4xmom's Blog
  • benalexander60's Blog
  • missmyrtle's Blog
  • Jersey Shore wheat no more's Blog
  • swezzan's Blog
  • aheartsj's Blog
  • MeltheBrit's Blog
  • glutenfreecosmeticcounter
  • Reasons Why Tummy tuck is considered best to remove unwanted belly fat?
  • alfgarrie's Blog
  • SmidginMama's Blog
  • lws' Blog
  • KMBC2014's Blog
  • Musings and Lessons Learned
  • txwildflower65's Blog
  • Uncertain
  • jess4736's Blog
  • deedo's Blog
  • persistent~Tami's Blog
  • Posterboy's Blog
  • jferguson
  • tiffjake's Blog
  • KCG91's Blog
  • Yolo's Herbs & Other Healing Strategies
  • scrockwell's Blog
  • Sandra45's Blog
  • Theresa Marie's Blog
  • Skylark's Blog
  • JessicaB's Blog
  • Anna'sMommy's Blog
  • Skylark's Oops
  • Jehovah witnesses
  • Celiac in Seattle's Blog
  • March On
  • honeybeez's Blog
  • The Liberated Kitchen, redux
  • onceandagain's Blog
  • JoyfulM's Blog
  • keepingmybabysafe's Blog
  • To beer, with love...
  • nana b's Blog
  • kookooto's Blog
  • SunnyJ's Blog
  • Mia'smommy's Blog
  • Amanda's Blog
  • jldurrani's Blog
  • Why choosing Medical bracelets for women online is the true possible?
  • Carriefaith's Blog
  • acook's Blog
  • REAGS' Blog
  • gfreegirl0125's Blog
  • Gluten Free Recipes - Blog
  • avlocken's Blog
  • Thiamine Thiamine Thiamine
  • wilbragirl's Blog
  • Gluten and Maize-Free (gluten-free-MF)
  • Elimination Diet Challenge
  • DJ 14150
  • mnsny's Blog
  • Linda03's Blog
  • GFinDC's Blog
  • Kim UPST NY's Blog
  • cmc's Blog
  • blog comppergastta1986
  • JesikaBeth's Blog
  • Melissa
  • G-Free's Blog
  • miloandotis' Blog
  • Confessions of a Celiac
  • Know the significance of clean engine oil
  • bobhayes1's Blog
  • Robinbird's Blog
  • skurtz's Blog
  • Olivia's Blog
  • Jazzdncr222's Blog
  • Lemonade's Blog
  • k8k's Blog
  • celiaccoach&triathlete's Blog
  • Gluten Free Goodies
  • cherbourgbakes.blogspot.com
  • snow dogs' Blog
  • Rikki Tikki's Blog
  • lthurman1979's Blog
  • Sprue that :)'s Blog
  • twinkletoes' Blog
  • Ranking the best gluten free pizzas
  • Gluten Free Product
  • Wildcat Golfer's Blog
  • Becci's Blog
  • sillyker0nian's Blog
  • txplowgirl's Blog
  • Gluten Free Bread Blog
  • babygoose78's Blog
  • G-freegal12's Blog
  • kelcat's Blog
  • Heavy duty 0verhead crane
  • beckyk's Blog
  • pchick's Blog
  • NOT-IN-2gluten's Blog
  • PeachPie's Blog
  • Johny
  • Breezy32600's Blog
  • Edgymama's Gluten Free Journey
  • Geoff
  • audra's Blog
  • mfrklr's Blog
  • 2 chicks
  • I Need Help With Bread
  • the strong one has returned!
  • sabrina_B_Celiac's Blog
  • Gluten Free Pioneer's Blog
  • Theanine.
  • The Search of Hay
  • Vanessa
  • racecar16's Blog
  • JCH13's Blog
  • b&kmom's Blog
  • Gluten Free Foodies
  • NanaRobin's Blog
  • mdrumr8030's Blog
  • Sharon LaCouture's Blog
  • Zinc, Magnesium, and Selenium
  • sao155's Blog
  • Tabasco's Blog
  • Amanda Smith
  • mmc's Blog
  • xphile1121's Blog
  • golden exch
  • kerrih's Blog
  • jleb's Blog
  • RUGR8FUL's Blog
  • Brynja's Grain Free Kitchen
  • schneides123's Blog
  • Greenville, SC Gluten-Free Blog
  • ramiaha's Blog
  • Kathy P's Blogs
  • rock on!'s Blog
  • Carri Ninja's Blog
  • jerseygirl221's Blog
  • Pkhaselton's Blog
  • Hyperceliac Blog
  • abbiekir's Blog
  • Lasister's Thoughts
  • bashalove's Blog
  • Steph1's Blog
  • Etboces
  • Rantings of Tiffany
  • GlutenWrangler's Blog
  • kalie's Blog
  • Mommy Of A Gluten Free Child
  • ready2go's Blog
  • Maureen
  • Floridian's Blog
  • Bobbie41972's Blog
  • Everyday Victories
  • Intolerance issue? Helpppp!
  • Feisty
  • In the Beginning...
  • Cheri46's Blog
  • Acne after going gluten free
  • sissSTL's Blog
  • Elizabeth19's Blog
  • LindseyR's Blog
  • sue wiesbrook's Blog
  • I'm Hungry's Blog
  • badcasper's Blog
  • M L Graham's Blog
  • Wolicki's Blog
  • katiesalmons' Blog
  • CBC and celiac
  • Kaycee's Blog
  • wheatisbad's Blog
  • beamishmom's Blog
  • Celiac Ninja's Blog
  • scarlett54's Blog
  • GloriaZ's Blog
  • Holly F's Blog
  • Jackie's Blog
  • lbradley's Blog
  • TheSandWitch's Blog
  • Ginger Sturm's Blog
  • The Struggle is Real
  • whataboutmary's Blog
  • JABBER's Blog
  • morningstar38's Blog
  • Musings of a Celiac
  • Celiacchef's Blog
  • healthygirl's Blog
  • allybaby's Blog
  • MGrinter's Blog
  • LookingforAnswers15's Blog
  • Lis
  • Alilbratty's Blog
  • 3sisters' Blog
  • MGrinter's Blog
  • Amanda
  • felise's Blog
  • rochesterlynn's Blog
  • mle_ii's Blog
  • GlamourGetaways' Blog
  • greendog's Blog
  • Tabz's Blog
  • Smiller's Blog
  • my vent
  • newby to celiac?'s Blog
  • siren's Blog
  • myraljo's Blog
  • Relieved and confused
  • carb bingeing
  • scottish's Blog
  • maggiemay832's Blog
  • Cristina Barbara
  • ~~~AnnaBelle~~~'s Blog
  • nikky's Blog
  • Suzy-Q's Blog
  • mfarrell's Blog
  • Kat-Kat's Blog
  • Kelcie's Blog
  • cyoshimit's Blog
  • pasqualeb's Blog
  • My girlfriend has celiacs and she refuses to see a doctor
  • Ki-Ki29's Blog
  • mailmanrol's Blog
  • Sal Gal
  • WildBillCODY's Blog
  • Ann Messenger
  • aprilz's Blog
  • the gluten-free guy
  • gluten-free-wifey's Blog
  • Lynda MEADOWS's Blog
  • mellajane's Blog
  • Jaded's Celiac adventures in a non-celiac world.
  • booboobelly18's Blog
  • Dope show
  • Classic Celiac Blog
  • Keishalei's Blog
  • Bada
  • Sherry's blurbs
  • addict697's Blog
  • MIchael530btr's Blog
  • Shawn C
  • antono's Blog
  • Undiagnosed
  • little_d's Blog
  • Gluten, dairy, pineapple
  • The Fat (Celiac) Lady Sings
  • Periomike
  • Sue Mc's Blog
  • BloatusMaximus' Blog
  • It's just one cookie!
  • Kimmy
  • jacobsmom44's Blog
  • mjhere's Blog
  • tlipasek's Blog
  • You're Prescribing Me WHAT!?!
  • Kimmy
  • nybbles's Blog
  • Karla T.'s Blog
  • Young and dealing with celiacs
  • Celiac.com Podcast Edition
  • LCcrisp's Blog
  • ghfphd's allergy blog
  • https://www.bendglutenfree.com/
  • Costume's and GF Life
  • mjhere69's Blog
  • dedeadge's Blog
  • CeliacChoplin
  • Ravenworks' Blog
  • ahubbard83's Blog
  • celiac<3'sme!'s Blog
  • William Parsons
  • Gluten Free Breeze (formerly Brendygirl) Blog
  • Ivanna44's Blog
  • Daily Life and Compromising
  • Vonnie Mostat
  • Aly'smom's Blog
  • ar8's Blog
  • farid's Blog
  • Sandra Lee's Blog
  • Demertitis hepaformis no Celac
  • Vonnie Mostat, R.N.
  • beetle's Blog
  • Sandra Lee's Blog
  • carlyng4's Blog
  • totalallergyman's Blog
  • Kim
  • Vhips
  • twinsmom's Blog
  • Newbyliz's Blog
  • collgwg's Blog
  • Living in the Gluten Free World
  • lisajs38's Blog
  • Mary07's Blog
  • Treg immune celsl, short chain fatty acids, gut bacteria etc.
  • questions
  • A Blog by Yvonne (Vonnie) Mostat, RN
  • ROBIN
  • covsooze's Blog
  • HeartMagic's Blog
  • electromobileplace's Blog
  • Adventures of a Gluten Free Mom
  • Fiona S
  • bluff wallace's Blog
  • sweetbroadway's Blog
  • happybingf's Blog
  • Carla
  • jaru24's Blog
  • AngelaMH's Blog
  • collgwg's Blog
  • blueangel68's Blog
  • SimplyGF Blog
  • Jim L Christie
  • Debbie65's Blog
  • Alcohol, jaundice, and celiac
  • kmh6leh's Blog
  • Gluten Free Mastery
  • james
  • danandbetty1's Blog
  • Feline's Blog
  • Linda Atkinson
  • Auntie Lur: The Blog of a Young Girl
  • KathyNapoleone's Blog
  • Gluten Free and Specialty Diet Recipes
  • Why are people ignoring Celiac Disease, and not understanding how serious it actually is?
  • miasuziegirl's Blog
  • KikiUSA's Blog
  • Amyy's Blog
  • Pete Dixon
  • abigail's Blog
  • CHA's Blog
  • Eczema or Celiac Mom?'s Blog
  • Thoughts
  • International Conference on Gastroenterology
  • Deedle's Blog
  • krackers' Blog
  • cliniclfortin's Blog
  • Mike Menkes' Blog
  • Juanita's Blog
  • BARB OTTUM
  • holman's Blog
  • It's EVERYWHERE!
  • life's Blog
  • writer ann's Blog
  • Ally7's Blog
  • Gluten Busters: Gluten-Free Product Alerts by Celiac.com
  • K Espinoza
  • klc's Blog
  • Pizza&beer's Blog
  • CDiseaseMom's Blog
  • sidinator's Blog
  • Dr Rodney Ford's Blog
  • How and where is it safe to buy cryptocurrency?
  • lucedith's Blog
  • Random Thoughts
  • Kate
  • twin#1's Blog
  • myadrienne's Blog
  • Nampa-Boise Idaho
  • Ursa Major's Blog
  • bakingbarb's Blog
  • Does Celiac Cause Sensitivites To Rx's?
  • delana6303's Blog
  • psychologygrl25's Blog
  • Alcohol and Celiac Disease
  • How do we get it???
  • cooliactic_BOOM's Blog
  • GREAT GF eating in Toronto
  • Gluten-free Food Recommendations!
  • YAY! READ THIS!!
  • BROW-FREE DIET BLOG
  • carib168's Blog
  • A Healing Kitchen
  • Shawn s
  • AZ Gal's Blog
  • mom1's Blog
  • The Beginning - The Diagnosis
  • PeweeValleyKY's Blog
  • solange's Blog
  • Cate K's Blog
  • Layered Vegetable Baked Pasta (gluten-free Vegetarian Lasagna)
  • Gluten Free Teen by Ava
  • mtdawber's Blog
  • sweeet_pea's Blog
  • DCE's Blog
  • Infertility and Celiac Disease
  • What to do in the Mekong Delta in 1 Day?
  • glutenfreenew's Blog
  • Living in the Garden of Eden
  • toddzgrrl02's Blog
  • redface's Blog
  • Gluten Free High Protein
  • Ari
  • Great Harvest Chattanooga's Blog
  • CeliBelli's Blog
  • Aboluk's Blog
  • redface's Blog
  • Being in Control of Your Gluten-Free Diet on a Cruise Ship
  • jayshunee's Blog
  • lilactorgirl's Blog
  • Yummy or Yucky Gluten-Free Foods
  • Electra's Blog
  • Cocerned husband's Blog
  • lilactorgirl's Blog
  • A Little History - My Celiac Disease Diagnosis
  • How to line my stomach
  • sewfunky's Blog
  • Oscar's Blog
  • Chey's Blog
  • The Fun of Gluten-free Breastfeeding
  • Dawnie's Blog
  • Sneaky gluten free goodness!
  • Chicago cubs shirts- A perfect way of showing love towards the baseball team!
  • Granny Garbonzo's Blog
  • GFzinks09's Blog
  • How do I get the Celiac.com podcast on my mp3 player?
  • quantumsugar's Blog
  • Littlebit's Blog
  • Kimberly's Blog
  • Dayz's Blog
  • Swimming Breadcrumbs and Other Issues
  • Helen Burdass
  • celiacsupportnancy's Blog
  • Life of an Aggie Celiac
  • kyleandjra.jacobson's Blog
  • Hey! I'm Not "Allergic" to Wheat!
  • FoOdFaNaTic's Blog
  • Wendy Cohan, RN's Gluten-Free and Dairy-Free Cooking Classes
  • Lora Derry
  • Dr. Joel Goldman's Blog
  • The Ultimate Irony
  • Lora Derry
  • ACK514's Blog
  • katinagj's Blog
  • What Goes On, Goes In (Gluten in Skin Care Products)
  • What’s new in hydraulic fittings?
  • cannona3's Blog
  • citykatmm's Blog
  • Adventures in Gluten-Free Toddling
  • tahenderson67's Blog
  • The Dinner Party Drama—Two Guidelines to Assure a Pleasant Gluten-Free Experience
  • What’s new in hydraulic fittings?
  • sparkybear's Blog
  • justbikeit77's Blog
  • To "App" or Not to "App": The Use of Gluten Free Product List Computer Applications
  • Onangwatgo
  • Raine's Blog
  • lalla's Blog
  • To die for Cookie Crumb Gluten-Free Pie Crust
  • DeeTee33's Blog
  • http://glutenfreegroove.com/blog/
  • David2055's Blog
  • Gluten-Free at the Fancy Food Show in San Francisco
  • Kup wysokiej jakości paszporty, prawa jazdy, dowody osobiste
  • Janie's Blog
  • Managing Hives & Gluten Allergies
  • Bogaert's Blog
  • Janie's Blog
  • RaeD's Blog
  • Dizzying Disclaimers!
  • Dream Catcher's Blog
  • PinkZebra's Blog
  • Hibachi Food and Hidden Gluten Hazards (How to Celebrate Gluten-Free)
  • jktenner's Blog
  • OhSoTired's Blog
  • PinkZebra's Blog
  • gluten-free Lover's Blog
  • Gluen Free Health Australia
  • Melissamb21's Blog
  • Andy C's Blog
  • halabackgirl9129's Blog
  • Liam Edwards' Blog
  • Celiac Disease in Africa?
  • Suz's Blog
  • Gluten-Free Fast Food
  • Eldene Goosen
  • mis_chiff's Blog
  • gatakat's Blog
  • macocha's Blog
  • Newly Diagnosed Celiacs Needed for Study in Chicago
  • Elaine Anne
  • Poor Baby's Blog
  • the loonie celiac's Blog
  • jenlex's Blog
  • Sex Drive/Testosterone can be Depleted by Certain Foods
  • Sharon
  • samantha79's Blog
  • 21 Months into the Gluten-free Diet
  • WashingtonLady's Blog-a-log
  • James S. Reid's Blog
  • Living with a Gluten-Free Husband
  • Diane King
  • runner girl's Blog
  • kp3972's Blog
  • ellie_lynn's Blog
  • trayne91's Blog
  • Gluten-free Lipstick!
  • Debado
  • Nonna2's Blog
  • Schar Chocolate Hazelnut Bar (Gluten-Free)
  • Diane
  • pnltbox27's Blog
  • Live2BWell's Blog
  • melissajohnson's Blog
  • nvsmom's Blog
  • Diagnosed with Celiac Disease and Still Sick
  • Coming out having gluten intolerance and celiac disease
  • snowcoveredheart's Blog
  • Gluten Free Nurse
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  1. Celiac.com 08/11/2020 - Research shows that people with celiac disease have an altered gut microbiota, compared with healthy control subjects. A team of researchers recently set out to evaluate the composition of the microbiota of children at celiac onset, and the connection between bacterial abundances and symptoms. The research team included Anna Rita Di Biase, Giovanni Marasco, Federico Ravaioli, Elton Dajti, Luigi Colecchia, Beatrice Righi, Virginia D'Amico, Davide Festi, Lorenzo Iughetti, and Antonio Colecchia. They are variously affiliated with the Pediatric Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; and the Gastroenterology Unit of University Hospital Borgo Trento in Verona, Italy. Celiac patients were consecutively enrolled at Pediatric Unit referring for suspected celiac disease. healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Stool and duodenal samples were collected and evaluated by HTF-Microbi.Array. The study team enrolled twenty-one celiac patients and 16 healthy control subjects. A total of twenty-three subjects were female (62%). Duodenal microbiota of celiac patients showed a dominance of Enterobacteriaceae and sub dominance of Bacteroidetes/Streptococcus, while stool microbiota showed a lower abundance of Bacteroides-Prevotella (p=0.013), Akkermansia (p=0.002) and Staphylococcaceae (p=0.001) in celiac patients compared to healthy controls. Patients with abdominal pain showed an increased mean relative abundance of Bacillaceae and Enterobaeriaceae, while celiac patients with diarrhea had reduced mean relative abundance of Clostridium cl. XIVa, Akkermansia, with an increase in Bacillaceae, and Fusobacterium. The team's results show that children with celiac disease have different gut microbiota than healthy non-celiac control subjects, with imbalances in pro-inflammatory microbiota being tied to celiac symptoms. The team calls for further study of the exact connection between gut microbiota and early-onset and symptoms of celiac disease. Learning more about the changes to the gut microbiota of children as they develop celiac disease may offer new paths to diagnosis and treatment in the future. Read more at the J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Jul 14

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  3. Celiac.com 06/19/2020 (Revised 06/24/2020) - It is not uncommon to have received blood testing from your doctor to see if you have celiac disease, and it comes back negative, when in fact your body is actually having a problem and you are on the celiac spectrum. The tests most doctors use to determine whether or not someone has celiac disease are very accurate for end stage celiac disease-after you have total villous atrophy, but not earlier stages of the disease (1). In those earlier situations, these tests often come back negative, even though you truly have a problem and are reacting to wheat moving towards total villous atrophy (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). It’s the wrong test. If you have an earlier stage in terms of the amount of damage incurred, the standard blood tests can be wrong over 70% of the time giving false negatives Standard blood tests for celiac disease have been extremely accurate and dependable if a person has total villous atrophy celiac disease. However, the accuracy of the blood test results for the two accepted blood markers (Endomysium and Tissue Transglutaminase) with anything less than total villous atrophy drops tremendously (to as low as being wrong 7 out of 10 times) (8,9). The reason these tests are often wrong in some people is that the research to validate the test used subjects who all had been diagnosed with celiac disease which by definition was total villous atrophy (Marsh IIIa,b,c). The earlier stages, Marsh 1 and 2 by most are considered ‘potential celiac disease’. So, when researchers were looking to validate if their blood tests were accurate in diagnosing celiac disease, they tested the blood of people diagnosed with celiac disease (total villous atrophy). And in that scenario, endomysium and tissue transglutaminase are highly accurate. from Lerner A, Jeremias P, Neidhöfer S, Matthias T (2017) Comparison of the Reliability of 17 Celiac Disease Associated Bio-Markers to Reflect Intestinal Damage. J Clin Cell Immunol 8: 486. from Lerner A, Jeremias P, Neidhöfer S, Matthias T (2017) Comparison of the Reliability of 17 Celiac Disease Associated Bio-Markers to Reflect Intestinal Damage. J Clin Cell Immunol 8: 486. Why? Celiac disease is defined as total villous atrophy. However, you don’t just magically go to sleep one night fine and wake up the next morning with total villous atrophy celiac disease. This disease, like all diseases, needs to be looked at more as a spectrum. That’s why Prof. Michael Marsh identified the spectrum of celiac disease development (Marsh I, II, III a, b, c). Bottom line? The test for total villous atrophy celiac disease (Marsh III a, b, c) are not the tests to rely on for earlier phases of the spectrum (Marsh I, II). The end result is many people have been told they do not have celiac disease and wheat is not a problem continue eating this food that is leading them further down the path of autoimmune disease. And of course, the tests for celiac disease are NOT the tests for the spectrum of Wheat Related Disorders (9). Predictive autoimmunity can tell you what areas of your body are under attack. Identifying an autoimmune mechanism early in the spectrum of development gives an opportunity to address it before there is so much tissue damage, now you have an autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity is the number 3 cause of death and highly preventable. If you could peek inside and determine what is going on before it does irreparable damage, it gives you a window of opportunity to address the problem early on and change the course of your health. This is called Predictive Autoimmunity (30). Identifying that you are on the celiac spectrum at Marsh I, gives you the opportunity to take action (gluten-free diet) and prevent progressing to Marsh III total villous atrophy. So the tests that are highly accurate for Marsh III are the wrong tests for Marsh I and II. They may be helpful and they may be misleading Gluten, Autoimmunity, and Your Gut Dr. Alessio Fasano is the chair of pediatric gastroenterology at Mass. General Hospital, Harvard, and director of Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center at Mass General Hospital for Children. He has done extensive research in the area of mucosal lining of the gut. He discovered, in the early 2000’s, a trilogy present in the development of autoimmunity: genetics, triggers, and intestinal permeability. (10) With celiac, we all know this – DQ2/DQ8, gluten, leaky gut = vulnerability to developing celiac disease. In the last 15 years, research has continued to expand to include two more features - thus a total of 5 components in the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition to genetics, environmental triggers and intestinal permeability, we now know that a dysbiotic microbiome and a systemic inflammatory immune response are involved. (11) This is important in our understanding of treatment. You can arrest the development of autoimmunity by healing the gut and addressing intestinal permeability. The majority of people with leaky gut do not show symptoms in the gut. A leaky gut spews out macromolecules into the blood stream that travel throughout your body that are considered foreign objects that your immune system will protect you from. And the resulting systemic inflammation from a leaky gut can affect any area of your body. And what are the most common triggers that will trigger a leaky gut? Gluten and small intestinalal bacteria overload. (11) Dangers of a Gluten-Free Diet Now this is a ‘Big Picture’ concept, but when you read the science it is clear that no one can fully digest the proteins in wheat (11, 12, 13, 14). It is indigestible to all humans, and in every single person causes a transient state of intestinal permeability (12, 13). Having said that, not everything about wheat is bad. Wheat (78%) and barley (3%) account for 78 - 81% of total prebiotics in the Western diet (14, 15, 16). When you remove wheat from your diet, a large percentage of the good bacteria will likely starve. This may be a contributing factor to the jaw-dropping statistic from the largest study ever done on mortality and celiac disease, that being diagnosed with celiac disease is associated with an 86% increased risk of mortality from a cardiovascular incident within 1 year (18). Just by being diagnosed. As far as I know, no one has pursued further research on this fact. What is different after diagnosis? People go on a gluten-free diet. What else? For most people, nothing else-they just stat eating gluten-free foods. You MUST be conscious of replacing the loss of prebiotics in your diet. Replacing wheat-based products with gluten-free products is a landmine. The vast majority of gluten-free products do not have prebiotic fibre, are not enriched, and are just tasty white paste. There’s nothing wrong with a gluten-free blueberry muffin once in a while, or gluten-free pasta on occasion. But these products are not healthy for you and can NOT be the cornerstone of your new diet. Be mindful of this at the onset of starting your gluten-free diet, so that you replenish your body with the necessary prebiotic nutrients your microbiome needs to increase diversity and balance. (14) So many people make the same newbie mistakes of just shopping in the gluten-free aisle and walk away with gluten-free cookies and snacks. I’m sorry to say that those are pretty much just as unhealthy, or worse, than the gluten versions. They just lack the antigen gluten. You need to look towards the produce aisle, vary your food choices from day to day, eat a wide variety in colour and types of organic fruits and vegetables, eat fermented foods rich in probiotics, and feed that good bacteria in your gut with foods that are prebiotics (root vegetables daily). I highly recommend finding a Certified Gluten-free Practitioner (CGP) who has received extensive training in celiac disease, gluten sensitivities, wheat-related disorders and autoimmunity. That is the most comprehensive training out there in this area. Find a CGP in your area-they’re all over the world, and most do on-line private consults. Addressing the intestinal permeability that has been developing with every exposure to wheat (12), within 5 minutes of wheat coming out of the stomach into the small intestine (20), is a game-changer in your overall health. There are over 300 autoimmune conditions. With the ‘Gateway’ in the development of autoimmune diseases being intestinal permeability, addressing this, and focusing on healing the gut can bring big rewards. Heal the Gut Identify and eliminate your triggers. Reduce inflammation. Reduce stress. The following supplements all have many studies showing their value in addressing intestinal permeability: Glutamine (21), Fish oils (22), Vitamin D (23), Colostrum (24), Turmeric (25), Pre (26) and Probiotics (27). Each of these basic nutrients modulates (has their hands on the steering wheel) of genes to reduce inflammation achieving a similar end goal, but they each work in different ways. Using a pleiotropic approach ensures success (great scrabble word-pleiotropic-means ‘all roads lead to Rome’. When you have a gluten-related disorder, the treatment is a strict gluten-free diet - without exception. Don’t let the treatment be the trigger for more problems. I’m known for the saying “You can’t be a little pregnant, you can’t have a little gluten” (if your immune system is activated fighting any of the peptides of wheat). Cheating once-per-month increases your risk of early death 6-fold! (19) Take measures to protect yourself against nutritional and vitamin deficiencies associated with a gluten-free diet. The benefits of a ‘Coach’ to learn the correct basics through this transition cannot be overemphasized (28, 29). A CGP, Nutritionist, trained Registered Dietician, Health Coach, … are invaluable in you learning the basics of this transition into a new way of eating. Eat different colors of the rainbow at every meal, every day. It will help restore balance to your gut health and rebalance your immune system. If you’re going to do this alone, avoid wheat (gluten), dairy, and added sugar for a month. Eat nutrient dense organic foods, such as quinoa, amaranth, vegetables, and quality meats. Gauge how you feel. Is your weight better managed? Do your hands and feet no longer feel cold? Are you able to think more clearly? If so, continue to eliminate those offending foods and eat a varied diet rich in nutrients. If you reintroduce and notice a problem, now you know those were foods that are inflammatory to you. And be careful of your tricky mind. Humans are the only species on the planet that finds something that works, and they stop doing it! References: Lerner A, Jeremias P, Neidhöfer S, Matthias T (2017) Comparison of the Reliability of 17 Celiac Disease Associated Bio-Markers to Reflect Intestinal Damage. J Clin Cell Immunol 8: 486 Immunoglobulin A autoantibodies against transglutaminase 2 in the small intestinal mucosa predict forthcoming coeliac disease. Salmi TT, Collin P, Järvinen O, Haimila K, Partanen J, Laurila K, Korponay-Szabo IR, Huhtala H, Reunala T, Mäki M, Kaukinen K.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug 1;24(3):541-52 Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease. Brar P, Kwon GY, Egbuna II, Holleran S, Ramakrishnan R, Bhagat G, Green PH.Dig Liver Dis. 2007 Jan;39(1):26-9 Seronegative celiac disease: increased prevalence with lesser degrees of villous atrophy. Abrams JA, Diamond B, Rotterdam H, Green PH.Dig Dis Sci. 2004 Apr;49(4):546-50 Utility in clinical practice of immunoglobulin a anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody for the diagnosis of celiac disease. Abrams JA, Brar P, Diamond B, Rotterdam H, Green PH.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Jun;4(6):726-30 Tests for Serum Transglutaminase and Endomysial Antibodies Do Not Detect Most Patients With Celiac Disease and Persistent Villous Atrophy on Gluten-free Diets: a Meta-analysis. Silvester JA, Kurada S, Szwajcer A, Kelly CP, Leffler DA, Duerksen DR.Gastroenterology. 2017 Sep;153(3):689-701 Screening for celiac disease.Lebwohl B, Green PH.N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 23;349 (17):1673-4 Joint BAPEN and British Society of Gastroenterology Symposium on 'Coeliac disease: basics and controversies'. Coeliac disease in the twenty-first century. Dickey W. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009 Aug;68(3):234-41. Mechanisms of disease: the role of intestinal barrier function in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases. Fasano A, Shea-Donohue T. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Sep;2(9):416-22. Fasano A. All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases. F1000Res. 2020;9:F1000 Faculty Rev-69. Published 2020 Jan 31. doi:10.12688/f1000research.20510.1. Celiac Disease and Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Review. Leonard MM, Sapone A, Catassi C, Fasano A. JAMA. 2017 Aug 15;318(7):647-656. Effect of gliadin on permeability of intestinal biopsy explants from celiac disease patients and patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Hollon J, Puppa EL, Greenwald B, Goldberg E, Guerrerio A, Fasano A.Nutrients. 2015 Feb 27;7(3):1565-76. Lerner A, O'Bryan T, Matthias T. Navigating the Gluten-Free Boom: The Dark Side of Gluten Free Diet. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:414. Published 2019 Oct 15. Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult Human subjects - comment by Jackson. Jackson FW. Br J Nutr. 2010 Sep;104(5):773. On the presence of Inulin and Oligofructose as natural ingredients in the western diet Jan Van Loo , Paul Coussement , Leen De Leenheer , Hubert Hoebregs & Georges Smits Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Volume 35, 1995 - Issue 6. Prebiotic effects of wheat arabinoxylan related to the increase in bifidobacteria, Roseburia and Bacteroides/Prevotella in diet-induced obese mice. Neyrinck AM, Possemiers S, Druart C, Van de Wiele T, De Backer F, Cani PD, Larondelle Y, Delzenne NM. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20944. Small-intestinal histopathology and mortality risk in celiac disease. Ludvigsson JF, Montgomery SM, Ekbom A, Brandt L, Granath F., JAMA. 2009 Sep 16;302(11):1171-8. Mortality in patients with coeliac disease and their relatives: a cohort study. Corrao G, Corazza GR, Bagnardi V, Brusco G, Ciacci C, Cottone M, Sategna Guidetti C, Usai P, Cesari P, Pelli MA, Loperfido S, Volta U, Calabró A, Certo M; Club del Tenue Study Group.Lancet. 2001 Aug 4;358(9279):356-61. Confocal endomicroscopy shows food-associated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Fritscher-Ravens A, Schuppan D, Ellrichmann M, Schoch S, Röcken C, Brasch J, Bethge J, Böttner M, Klose J, Milla. PJ.Gastroenterology. 2014 Nov;147(5):1012-20. Glutamine and the regulation of intestinal permeability: from bench to bedside. Achamrah N, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017. Jan;20(1):86-91 Potential of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Chemotherapy- or Radiotherapy-Related Intestinal Microbial Dysbiosis. Zhang Y, Zhang B, Dong L, Chang P.Adv Nutr. 2019 Jan 1;10(1):133-147. Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Kong J, Zhang Z, Musch MW, Ning G, Sun J, Hart J, Bissonnette M, Li YC.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Jan;294(1):G208-16. Peptide Immunotherapy: Colostrum, A Physician's Reference Guide Hardcover, Keech A., AKS Publishing; 1St Edition edition (2009) ISBN-10: 0692002421. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Aggarwal BB, Harikumar KB.Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009 Jan;41(1):40-59. Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic properties: consequences for host health in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Delzenne NM, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD.Microb Cell Fact. 2011 Aug 30;10 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10 Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease: Is There Any Role for Probiotics? Pecora F, Persico F, Gismondi P, Fornaroli F, Iuliano S, de'Angelis GL, Esposito S.Front Immunol. 2020 May 15;11:957. Factors that influence adherence to a gluten-free diet in adults with celiac disease. Leffler DA, Edwards-George J, Dennis M, Schuppan D, Cook F, Franko DL, Blom-Hoffman J, Kelly CP.Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Jun;53(6):1573-81. Gluten-free diet: the medical and nutrition management of celiac disease. See J, Murray JA.Nutr Clin Pract. 2006 Feb;21(1):1-15. Predicting and preventing autoimmunity, myth or reality? Harel M, Shoenfeld Y.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jun;1069:322-45.
  4. Celiac.com 04/27/2020 - Recent studies on celiac disease have reported changes in the gut microbiome. Researchers don't currently know if the change in the microbial makeup is the cause or a result of the disease, especially in cases of adult onset celiac disease. A team of researchers recently set out to compare of small gut and whole gut microbiota of first-degree relatives with adult celiac disease patients and controls. The research team included Rahul Bodkhe, Sudarshan A. Shetty, Dhiraj P. Dhotre, Anil K. Verma, Khushbo Bhatia, Asha Mishra, Gurvinder Kaur, Pranav Pande, Dhinoth K. Bangarusamy, Beena P. Santosh, Rajadurai C. Perumal, Vineet Ahuja, Yogesh S. Shouche, and Govind K. Makharia. They are variously affiliated with the National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; the Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; the Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; and AgriGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Kerala, India. First-degree relatives of celiac patients might offer researchers a chance to study gut microbiome in pre-disease state, since they are genetically prone toward celiac disease. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that ecosystem diversity was similar for the disease condition in celiacs, the pre-disease condition in first-degree relatives, and for control subjects. They did note differences in levels of amplicon sequence variant (ASV), indicating changes in specific ASVs between pre-disease and diseased condition. Duodenal biopsies showed greater differences in ASVs compared to fecal samples, which suggests more widespread disturbance to the microbiota in the diseased area. The duodenal microbiota of first-degree relatives was marked by large quantities of ASVs of the genera Parvimonas, Granulicatella, Gemella, Bifidobacterium, Anaerostipes, and Actinomyces. The duodenal microbiota of people with celiac disease contained more ASVs from genera Megasphaera and Helicobacter compared to the microbiota of first-degree relatives. Compared to control group microbiota, the fecal microbiota of both celiacs and first-degree relatives had lower amounts of ASVs classified as Akkermansia and Dorea. Moreover, functional metagenome projections showed reduced gluten degradation by celiac fecal microbiota as compared with first-degree relatives and control subjects. The data show clear differences in ASVs and suggests that celiac fecal microbiota have an impair ability to break down gluten compared to the fecal microbiota of first-degree relatives. More research is needed to examine strain levels and active functional microbiota profiles, in celiacs and first-degree relatives, in order to clarify role of gut microbiome in celiac disease development. Read more in Frontiers of Microbiology, 08 February 2019

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  6. Celiac.com 03/12/2020 - A number of studies have shown a connection between migraine headaches and certain gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, like Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease. Is there a connection between migraine and the gut-brain axis? When researchers speak of the “gut-brain axis," they are describing a two-way relationship between the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system. So far researchers don't currently have very good information about the ways in which the gut and the brain might interact in patients with migraine. A team of researchers recently set out to review and discuss the direct and indirect evidence for a connection between migraine headaches and the gut-brain axis. The research team included Mahsa Arzani, Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi, Zeinab Ghorbani, Fahimeh Vahabizad, Paolo Martelletti, Amir Ghaemi, Simona Sacco, Mansoureh Togha and on behalf of the School of Advanced Studies of the European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS). Prior research points to a number of potential factors, including inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. The current consensus is that neuropeptides, including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY exert an antimicrobial impact on numerous strains of gut bacteria which are likely involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. Current research indicates that eliminating Helicobacter pylori bacteria, for example, can help reduce migraine headaches in people with Helicobacter pylori, and people with a long history of migraines and high headache frequency are much more likely to have IBS. Further, both IBS and migraine can change the makeup of gut bacteria, and so might influence gut-brain axis and inflammatory response. Migraine headaches have also been associated with celiac disease, and doctors should keep this in mind, especially in migraine patients whose brain imaging shows occipital and parieto-occipital calcification. Studies show that a gluten-free diet can help reduce migraine frequency in such patients. Many researchers believe that migraine headaches can be improved by diets that support healthy gut microbiota and gut-brain axis, including a low glycemic diet, higher fiber intake, supplemental vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics, as well as weight loss and dietary plans for overweight and obese patients. Read more in the Journal of Headache and Pain volume 21, Article number: 15 (2020) The researchers in this study are variously affiliated with the Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Headache Department, Neurology Ward, Sina University Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Neuroscience section of the Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy; the Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
  7. Celiac.com 12/09/2019 - When humans eat food, we also introduce bacteria, fungi, and viruses into our gut. Here on Earth, the epithelial cells that line the gut usually work to prevent these microorganisms from crossing into our blood stream. However, little is known about how microgravity effects epithelial barrier function. Some previous studies have shown that microgravity weakens the human immune system and increases entero-pathogen virulence. To get a better understanding of the problem, a team of researchers set out to see if microgravity changes intestinal epithelial permeability, and susceptibility, to barrier-disrupting agents. A research team led by a biomedical scientist at the University of California, Riverside, has found that simulated microgravity, such as that encountered in spaceflight, disrupts the functioning of the epithelial barrier, even after the person returns to a regular gravity environment. The research team included Rocio Alvarez, Cheryl A. Stork, Anica Sayoc-Becerra, Ronald R. Marchelletta, G. Kim Prisk and Declan F. McCole. They are variously associated with the Division of Biomedical Sciences at the University of California, Riverside in Riverside, CA; the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA; the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, CA; the Department of Radiology at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, CA; and the Johnson & Johnson Research Laboratories, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. in La Jolla, CA. For their study, the team cultured intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29.cl19a) on microcarrier beads in simulated microgravity using a rotating wall vessel (RWV) for 18 days. They then seeded the iECs on semipermeable supports to measure ion flux (transepithelial electrical resistance (TER)) and FITC-dextran (FD4) permeability over 14 days. RWV cells showed delayed apical junction localization of the tight junction proteins, occludin and ZO-1. Compared with static, motion and flask control cells, RWV cells treated with alcohol metabolite, acetaldehyde, showed sharp decrease in TER, along with reduced junctional ZO-1 localization, and increased FD4 permeability. Based on these data, the team concludes that simulated microgravity makes the gut susceptible to epithelial barrier permeability upon removal from the microgravity environment, which means that space travelers are more likely to develop gastrointestinal issues, such as leaky gut, once they return to earth. Studies like this help to shed a light on how the body's gastrointestinal system functions in space travelers, especially in astronauts, and to help us better the factors that can compromise intestinal epithelial barrier function following return to Earth. Read more in Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 17531 (2019)
  8. Celiac.com 09/04/2019 - Class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele combinations exert strong genetic control over susceptibility to numerous autoimmune diseases. Researchers know that these genes are the most significant risk factors for Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, but they still know very little about how HLA influences the makeup of the human gut microbiome, which could be an environmental factor for disease susceptibility. A team of researchers recently compared the gut microbiomes of kids with high genetic risk for Type 1 diabetes against those of kids with low genetic risk. Their results show that the two groups have very different gut microbiomes. The research team included Jordan T. Russell, Luiz F. W. Roesch, Malin Ördberg, Jorma Ilonen, Mark A. Atkinson, Desmond A. Schatz, Eric W. Triplett and Johnny Ludvigsson. Using data from a study of All Babies in Southeast Sweden, the team found that genetic risk for the development of Type 1 diabetes autoimmunity is associated with clear changes in the gut microbiome, with both core microbiome and beta diversity differing according to HLA risk group and genotype. Interestingly, protective HLA haplotypes are connected with bacterial genera Intestinibacter and Romboutsia. These results show that general population cohorts can help researchers spot potential environmental triggers or protective factors for autoimmune diseases that can otherwise remain obscured by strong genetic influence. Certain bacterial species were totally absent in children with high genetic risk, but present in children with low or no risk. "[T]his could mean that certain species [of gut bacteria] have protective effects and may be useful in future treatment to prevent autoimmune diseases. It may be that certain species cannot survive in individuals with high genetic risk”, says Johnny Ludvigsson, senior professor in the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, and senior consultant at HRH Crown Princess Victoria Children’s Hospital, Linköping University Hospital. Read more in Nature Communications volume 10, Article number: 3621 (2019) The researchers in this study are variously affiliated with the Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; the Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil; the Crown Princess Victoria Children’s Hospital, Region Östergötland, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; the Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; the Department of Pathology, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; and the Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  9. Celiac.com 07/30/2019 - Studies have shown increased intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome. Validating serum biomarkers for altered intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome will facilitate research and pathophysiology-based therapy. A team of researchers recently set out to measure serum zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, and to compare the results with healthy control and celiac disease subjects. The research team included Prashant Singh, Jocelyn Silvester, Xinhua Chen, Hua Xu, Veer Sawhney, Vikram Rangan, Johanna Iturrino, Judy Nee, Donald R. Duerksen, and Anthony Lembo. They are variously affiliated with the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States of America; the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America; and the Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. The team used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure serum zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in fifty patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, fifty with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, fifty-three with celiac disease, and forty-two healthy control subjects. Using the irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity scale as a gauge, they found that patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome had higher zonulin levels compared with healthy controls. They also found that zonulin levels in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome are comparable to levels in patients with active celiac disease. The results showed no correlation between zonulin levels and overall irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity. They did, however, show a positive correlation with weekly stool frequency, and unsatisfactory bowel habits in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Patients with diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome both had lower intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels compared with celiac patients. In patients with irritable bowel syndrome, serum zonulin is upregulated at levels comparable to those for celiac patients, and match the severity of unsatisfactory bowel habits in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Irritable bowel syndrome patients show no increase in intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels, which likely means no significant increase in enterocyte death. This is an interesting finding regarding serum zonulin levels in some patients with irritable bowel syndrome, as is the positive correlation with weekly stool frequency, and unsatisfactory bowel habits in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Read more at the United European Gastroenterology Journal; 2019 Jun; 7(5): 709–715. doi: 10.1177/2050640619826419
  10. Celiac.com 06/20/2019 (originally published 07/12/2010) - Autoimmune diseases taken together are the third leading cause of death in the US. The list of autoimmune diseases is long and varied—M.S., type 1 diabetes, lupus, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s, and fibromyalgia to name just a few. But the autoimmune disease celiac, unlike all the others, has a unique feature—it’s the only autoimmune disease where the exact trigger is known. Gluten is the trigger for celiac disease and when that trigger is removed the body stops destroying its own small intestine. Why is this profound? Two reasons: There is no other autoimmune disease where the exact trigger is known. Gluten and the damage it causes to the small intestine may very well be the root cause of other autoimmune diseases! We have appreciated the interesting phenomenon where people “develop” gluten intolerance at different ages. It used to be perplexing because it was assumed that if the problem was genetically driven, as soon as the body received its first gluten “insult” damage should begin to occur. When patients stated that they felt perfectly fine until a certain age, it was thought that the damage had probably begun far earlier but the patient had just not noticed. What we have come to realize is that a genetic propensity plus the presence of gluten in the diet are only two of the three necessary constituents of the puzzle—the third is damage to the small intestine. A completely healthy, intact small intestine seems to be quite able to defend itself against gluten. But once damage has occurred, the gut becomes “leaky” and not only can digestive complaints result but symptoms arise in other body systems. There has been proof for many years that the intestine is not the only tissue targeted by the immune reaction to gluten. The prime example of this is a disease called dermatitis herpetiformis where the gluten sensitivity manifests primarily in skin, with only mild or no intestinal involvement. Now, more recent research reveals that perhaps a vast number of autoimmune diseases may also involve an immune response to dietary gluten as well as its consequent autoimmune reaction to tissue transglutaminase. This may be the main immunologic cause. [Note: Although we typically think of tissue transglutaminase as an enzyme in the gut, it is, in fact, an enzyme found throughout the body. This is perhaps another reason why gluten has such far-reaching effects in other systems of the body.] The substance that dictates the permeability between the barrier cells that line the small intestine is called zonulin. Increased zonulin causes the intestine to become leaky, thereby allowing substances to leave the intestine that normally shouldn’t. Research has shown that in patients with celiac disease, gliadin activates zonulin signaling, leading to increased intestinal permeability. But how does this extend to other autoimmune diseases? Dr. Alessio Fasano performed a brilliant study on rats that were genetically predisposed to develop type 1 diabetes. The premise was that if the gut was not affected negatively by zonulin and remained intact and healthy, then perhaps the auto-antibodies made against specific cells of the pancreas that create diabetes would be prevented from leaving the gut and thereby stopped from causing damage to the pancreas. Sure enough 2/3 of these rats who were highly predisposed to develop diabetes did not! This study was the first time that an autoimmune disease was prevented by blocking intestinal permeability. It further puts a new face on the entire concept of how and why autoimmune disease develops. We’ve always thought that the genetic predisposition was an overriding characteristic of autoimmune diseases that overshadowed any effort to sublimate it. This study opens a new field of investigation into the relationship between the health of the intestine and the basis of many diseases. Imagine if the “unknown trigger” of autoimmune disease turns out to be gluten and its effect of creating a leaky gut! It is for this reason that I am so passionate about early diagnosis of gluten intolerance. Whether it be celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, the effect that gluten imposes on the integrity of the small intestine has far-reaching implications. I see it clinically in my patients on a daily basis, but the above research puts a point on it that we must consider seriously. A study from Italy showed that the longer gluten sensitive people eat gluten, the more likely they are to develop autoimmune diseases. They found that in childhood celiacs, the prevalence of autoimmune disease rose from a baseline of 5% at age 2 to almost 35% by age 20. Imagine if screening of all children for gluten intolerance resulted in reductions of future autoimmune diseases! I am currently working on a program with my patients who are gluten intolerant to restore their small intestines to the healthiest possible condition. This is important from the obvious viewpoint that optimal digestion and absorption is critical to good health. But it is also vital from the perspective of understanding and managing zonulin and its long-term effects on health. I would recommend that you take the following steps to ensure that you are doing everything you can to restore your small intestine to optimal functioning. Have a comprehensive stool analysis performed to ensure that no pathogenic organisms (bacteria, amoeba, parasites, etc) are present. Such a test should also measure the effect of your body’s enzymes to see how effectively your food is being broken down and absorbed. It should also assess the health of your intestinal bacteria or probiotics. Eliminate dairy foods from your diet. There is considerable evidence to suggest that consuming milk from other mammals is not conducive to good health, especially in our digestive tracts. The inflammation that dairy can cause could well be contributing to a leaky gut, despite the elimination of gluten. Once you have taken the above steps, see how you’re feeling. Some patients require supplements such as glutamine, quercitin, reduced glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, omega 3 fatty acids, and vitamins A, E, B and zinc to help the intestinal lining heal fully. Once the above have been done, have a lab test performed for leaky gut. It’s called a lactulose/mannitol test and will show whether large molecules are crossing the intestinal barrier. This is a non-invasive, non-drug test. Just to reiterate: encourage parents you know to have their children evaluated for gluten intolerance. The more we can affect an early diagnosis, the healthier our future generations will be. Last but not least, show your doctor this data. There is still too much ignorance in our profession about gluten and its broad reaching negative effects. I hope you find this information helpful. Many of the steps mentioned above are best administered with the help of a clinician so let me know if I can assist you to find someone in your area who can help. References: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2006 Apr;41(4):408-19. Annals N Y Academy Science. 2009 May;1165:195-205. “Tight junctions, intestinal permeability, and autoimmunity: celiac disease and type 1 diabetes paradigms.” Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2005 Apr;3(4):335-41. “Permeability, zonulin production, and enteropathy in dermatitis herpetiformis.” Gut. 2003 Feb;52(2):218-23. “Early effects of gliadin on enterocyte intracellular signalling involved in intestinal barrier function.”
  11. Celiac.com 05/02/2019 - Both gastrointestinal and mental disorders can occur alongside other disorders, and both can be triggered by early adversity, such as parental deprivation. Interactions between the brain and bacteria that live in the gut microbiome potentially influence interactions between adversity, gastrointestinal issues and anxiety. These connections have been well-studied in animals, but very little study has been done during human development. What can we learn about mood and gastrointestinal distress in children exposed to adversity? A team of researchers recently set out to explore adversity–gastrointestinal–anxiety associations in youth who were raised with their biological parents, or were exposed to early adverse care giving experiences, such as institutional or foster care followed by international adoption. The research team included Bridget L. Callaghan, Andrea Fields, Dylan G. Gee, Laurel Gabard-Durnam, Christina Caldera, Kathryn L. Humphreys, Bonnie Goff, Jessica Flannery, Eva H. Telzer, Mor Shapiro and Nim Tottenham. To assess connections between adversity, gastrointestinal issues, and anxiety, the team assessed data from a 344 youth, aged from 3–18 years old, who were raised with biological parents, or else exposed to early adverse care giving experiences, such as institutional or foster care followed by international adoption. In Study 1, we demonstrated that previous adverse care experiences were associated with increased incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in youth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were also associated with concurrent and future anxiety (measured across 5 years), and those gastrointestinal symptoms mediated the adversity–anxiety association at Time 1. Study 2 comprised a sub-sample of children who provided both stool samples and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and served as a “proof-of-principle." The data from study 2 showed that adversity was tied to changes in both alpha and beta diversity of microbial communities, and both adversity-associated and adversity-independent bacteria level correlated with prefrontal cortex activation to emotional faces. Read more about the implications of these data for supporting youth mental health at Cambridge.org The researchers are variously affiliated with the Department of Psychology, Columbia University in New York, NY; the Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Psychology, Yale University in New Haven, CT; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California Los Angeles in Los Angeles; the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TN, USA; the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; the Department of Psychology at the University of Oregon in Eugene, OR; the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, in Chapel Hill, NC; and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, CA.
  12. Celiac.com 01/09/2019 - People with celiac disease who eat a gluten-free diet generally see an improvement in gut health over the next months and years. That’s true, but many people with celiac disease who eat a gluten-free diet still have gut damage many months later. What exactly is the connection between gut health and a gluten-free diet in people with celiac disease? To try to answer that question, a team of researchers recently set out to analyze the relationships between pre-diagnosis celiac serology, duodenal histopathology, primary presenting symptoms, celiac-related comorbidity and response to treatment in a modern cohort with new diagnosis of celiac disease. The research team included Oliver Cronin, Emma Flanagan, and Damian Dowling. They are variously affiliated with the Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Geelong, in Geelong, Australia, and the Department of Gastroenterology at St Vincent’s Hospital in Fitzroy, Australia. The team’s retrospective cohort study included 99 participants diagnosed with celiac disease between 1999 and 2013. For each patient, the team recorded baseline characteristics, celiac serology, and small bowel histopathology. Several patients underwent a repeat small bowel biopsy. The team used logistic regression to determine independent associations. Patients ranged from 30 to 53 years old, and averaged 43 years at diagnosis. Women made up nearly seventy percent of the group. The researchers used standard Marsh-Oberhuber Score (MS) to rate damage to intestinal villi. At diagnosis, nearly half of the patients showed total villous blunting (MS 3c), while twelve patients showed subtotal villous blunting (MS 3b), and 29 patients showed partial villous blunting (MS 3a). The extent of villous blunting was independent of symptom prevalence prior to diagnosis. A total of 87 patients received repeat small bowel biopsy at an average of 7 months after their initial biopsy. Meanwhile, a total of 34 patients had biopsy results at or above MS 3a, compared to 90 patients at the initial biopsy. 24 of the 34 patients reported following a strict a gluten free diet (GFD). Persistent MS at or above grade 3a at repeat biopsy was not associated with symptoms (P = 0.358) or persistent positive celiac serology. This study shows that the severity of the small bowel mucosal lesion at celiac disease diagnosis is independent of both symptoms and serology, and that neither are good predictors of mucosal health. While numerous patients do see histological improvement on a gluten-free diet, many newly diagnosed celiac patients show ongoing mucosal damage after many months on a gluten-free diet. An absence of celiac disease antibodies did not preclude ongoing mucosal damage. Basically, not all celiac patients see rapid gut healing, even on a strict gluten-free diet. Also, people with celiac disease can still have mucosal damage, even if they test negative for celiac disease antibodies. Source: World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Therv.9(6); 2018
  13. Celiac.com 12/10/2018 - More and more people are eating gluten-free for non-medical reasons. These days, people with celiac disease make up a small percentage of overall gluten-free food sales. However, the effects of eliminating or reducing wheat, barley and rye ingredients from the diets of in healthy adults have not been well studied. A team of researchers recently set out to assess the effects of a gluten-free diet in healthy adults. To make their assessment, the researchers conducted a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial of 60 middle-aged Danish adults with no known diseases. The trial included two 8-week assessments comparing a low-gluten diet of 2 grams of gluten per day, and a high-gluten diet of 18 grams of gluten per day, separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet including 12 grams of gluten per day. Compared with a high-gluten diet, the data show that a low-gluten diet triggers slight changes in the intestinal microbiome, increases food and drink intake and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and reduces self-reported bloating. The team’s data indicate that results of a low-gluten diet in non-celiac adults are likely triggered by qualitative changes in dietary fiber. Studies like this are important for understanding the effects of a gluten-free diet in both celiacs and non-celiacs alike. Better understanding of a gluten-free diet will help doctors, celiac patients, and healthy individuals to make better, more informed dietary decisions. Source: Nature Communications; volume 9, Article number: 4630 (2018) The research team included Lea B. S. Hansen, Henrik M. Roager, Nadja B. Søndertoft, Rikke J. Gøbel, Mette Kristensen, Mireia Vallès-Colomer, Sara Vieira-Silva, Sabine Ibrügger, Mads V. Lind, Rasmus B. Mærkedahl, Martin I. Bahl, Mia L. Madsen, Jesper Havelund, Gwen Falony, Inge Tetens, Trine Nielsen, Kristine H. Allin, Henrik L. Frandsen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens Juul Holst, Morten H. Sparholt, Jesper Holck, Andreas Blennow, Janne Marie Moll, Anne S. Meyer, Camilla Hoppe, Jørgen H. Poulsen, Vera Carvalho, Domenico Sagnelli, Marlene D. Dalgaard, Anders F. Christensen, Magnus Christian Lydolph, Alastair B. Ross, Silas Villas-Bôas, Susanne Brix, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Karsten Buschard, Allan Linneberg, Jüri J. Rumessen, Claus T. Ekstrøm, Christian Ritz, Karsten Kristiansen, H. Bjørn Nielsen, Henrik Vestergaard, Nils J. Færgeman, Jeroen Raes, Hanne Frøkiær, Torben Hansen, Lotte Lauritzen, Ramneek Gupta, Tine Rask Licht and Oluf Pedersen. They are variously affiliated with the National Food Institute; the Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark; the Department of Bio and Health Informatics; the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark in Lyngby, Denmark; the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; and the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen in Frederiksberg, Denmark; the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre in Hvidovre, Denmark; the Department of Radiology, Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Autoimmunology & Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut in Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden; the School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand; the Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, Denmark; the Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark in Frederiksberg, Denmark; the Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark in Herlev, Denmark; with Clinical-Microbiomics A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Rega Institute; and VIB, Center for Microbiology in Leuven, Belgium; with Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen in Copenhagen, Denmark; the Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology; the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research; the Department of Radiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; and the Department of Biomedical Sciences; and the department of Biostatistics at the Department of Public Health at the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  14. Celiac.com 11/13/2018 - Ubiquitin is highly conserved across eukaryotes and is essential for normal eukaryotic cell function. The bacterium Bacteroides fragilis is part of the standard human gut microbiome, and the only bacterium known to encode a homologue of eukaryotic ubiquitin. The B. fragilis gene sequence points to a previous horizontal gene transfer from a eukaryotic source. The sequence encodes a protein (BfUbb) with 63% identity to human ubiquitin, which is exported from the bacterial cell. Is molecular mimicry of human ubiquitin by gut microbe linked to autoimmune diseases like celiac disease? A team of researchers recently set out to determine if there was antigenic cross‐reactivity between B. fragilis ubiquitin and human ubiquitin and also to determine if humans produced antibodies to BfUbb. The research team included L. Stewart, J. D. M. Edgar, G. Blakely and S. Patrick. They are variously affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; the School School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK; the Regional Immunology Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK; and the Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK. Molecular model comparisons of BfUbb and human ubiquitin predicted likely structural similarity with 99.8% confidence. The team used linear epitope mapping to identify cross-reacting epitopes in BfUbb and human ubiquitin. Also, at least one epitope of BfUbb does not cross‐react with human ubiquitin. The team used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to compare the reaction of human serum to BfUbb and human ubiquitin from 474 subjects among four groups: (1) newly autoantibody‐positive patients, (2) allergen‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐negative patients, (3) ulcerative colitis patients and (4) healthy volunteers. The team’s data show that the exposure to BfUbb into the human immune system triggers the creation of IgG antibodies. Patients referred for first‐time autoimmune disease testing are more likely to have a high levels of antibodies to BfUbb than are healthy volunteer subjects. From this, the team concludes that molecular mimicry of human ubiquitin by BfUbb could be a trigger for autoimmune disease. Finding and understanding potential triggers for autoimmune conditions helps to take us one step further to understanding and potentially curing celiac disease. Stay tuned for further developments in their arena. First published: 04 August 2018 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cei.13195
  15. Hello I made this account tonight because I am need of help by those with more experience than me. Basically since June I've been feeling horrible every morning throughout the entire day. My main symptoms were extreme nausea (no vomiting), stomach pain, constipation, and diarrhea. I was in and out of the doctors doing blood work and taking medicines for other things like ibs and gastritis until we started to think about a month and a half later that it could be celiac or a gluten insensitivity. My typical day was wake up around 9 am, feel nauseous, eat little while drinking water, and feel okay enough to fall asleep around 3 pm for a few hours and wake up feeling better with almost no nausea at all. After seeing a Gastroenterologist and having extensive blood work done, everything came back looking normal (beginning of august). We kept up with gluten free diet while taking protonix and eventually things started to turn around. I was waking up less nauseous and it would only last a few hours or a couple compared to all day. It ended up getting better to the point where i woke up later than 8 or 9 am with finally no nausea or hunger pains and i would be able to eat a fair amount throughout the day and not have any symptoms besides occasional bloating. Something happened last thursday where I woke up with nausea and it lasted a couple hours. It has been the same thing since then and even today was one of my worst days with eating little and nausea being present after eating any meal no matter how small. I never use to get nausea at night and for the past two days i have had it for a couple hours before bed. I canceled my endoscopy that was scheduled for the 27th this monday about a week prior to that date because i had felt so much better but now i regret it. We think ive been glutened but i keep a food journal and i havent been eating anything different than before i had made great progress. Does anyone else have this problem? Does this sound like ive been glutened? Something feels different and although i havent been officially diagnosed celiacs I just dont understand why id be feeling this way after making such great progress. This all comes when im starting up school and an internship and is very inconvenient and depressing. I have my own utensils and cookware that I use and I am extra paranoid and safe about making sure my areas in the kitchen are gluten free and clean. Does anyone have any tips or knowledge about this? Should I call up my doctor again? The nausea was so bad this summer i couldnt work and couldnt do anything besides pace around the house while sipping water with the air conditioner running. Im really hoping i can go back to feeling the way i felt just a week ago so that i can start up my internship and make it to school everyday. I appreciate any and all feedback!
  16. Celiac.com 07/25/2018 - Several recent research articles have emphasized the connection between intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease with dysbiosis or an imbalance in the microbiota composition in the gut. However, little is known about the role of the microbiota in autoimmune pathologies affecting other tissues than the intestine. A team of researchers recently set out to examine the role played by gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of non-intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Grave's diseases, multiple sclerosis, Type-1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. They wanted to see if microbiota can influence and determine the function of cells of the immune system. In their report, the team discusses how metabolites derived from bacteria could be used as potential therapies for non-intestinal autoimmune diseases. The report was reviewed by Richard Eugene Frye of Phoenix Children's Hospital, United States, and Matej Oresic at the University of Turku in Finland. The report was edited by Marina I. Arleevskaya of Kazan State Medical Academy in Russia. The authors conclude: "The current evidence supports the notion that changes or alterations of the microbial species that form part of the intestinal microbiota will affect the balance of Tregs and Th17 cells at the intestine, which could modify the immune response of non-intestinal autoimmune diseases. The experimental evidence suggesting that the cytokines secreted from Treg and Th17 will determine and influence non-intestinal autoimmune responses. It could also be possible that cells of the immune system located at the intestine could to move other organs to establish or modify an autoimmune response. The major message of this review is that the abundant data support the notion that the intestine is a critical organ the appropriate immune balance and for the prevention of non-intestinal autoimmune diseases. The key point is that by modifying the intestinal microbiota of a patient that suffers non-intestinal autoimmune disease it might be possible to improve the outcome of such illness." For more on the role of microbiota in influencing immune cell function and promoting individual wellbeing, read the full report in Frontiers in Microbiology. The research team included Maria C. Opazo, Elizabeth M. Ortega-Rocha, Irenice Coronado-Arrázola, Laura C. Bonifaz, Helene Boudin, Michel Neunlist, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis, and Claudia A. Riedel. They are variously affiliated with the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1235, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; and the Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad, Metropolitana, Chile.
  17. I got test results back from a leaky gut/gut immunity and candida stool and saliva test. Here are the results: I have very low slgA (gut immunity) and a very high yeast colonization in my mouth. The gut immunity is the main one i'm concerned about and have always suspected. I met with nutritionist yesterday and she put me on a food plan and gave me a supplement with the mixture of prebiotics, probiotics and digestive enzymes in them and also an iron supplement. I've been on it since yesterday and actually feel a bit worse today so i'm getting worried already. I really want this to work. She seemed confident i could heal my gut in no time though. Is there anyone who's gone through a similar situation that i can talk to or just anyone with some knowledge on this sort of thing?
  18. Celiac.com 03/14/2017 - Recent studies of adult celiacs have suggested that complete, not just partial, mucosal recovery and healing is possible, but, in many cases, may take longer than is currently understood. Recently Dr. Hugh James Freeman of the Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, conducted a study to assess healing time in celiac patients. In this study, 182 patients (60 males, 122 females) referred for evaluation of symptoms, including diarrhea and weight loss, were selected only if initial biopsies showed characteristic inflammatory changes with severe architectural disturbance. All patients were treated with a strict gluten-free diet, and diet compliance was regularly monitored. Up to 90% or more of patients showed a complete mucosal response or healing, many within 6 months. However, most patients required up to 2 years for full healing and recovery to take place in the gut. In this evaluation, women in each of 4 different age ranges showed better mucosal response and healing than men, while elderly celiacs had lower rates overall. Such factors should be considered before labeling a patient with "non-responsive" disease. However, celiacs who are diagnosed later, start a gluten-free diet later, and who have inflammatory changes with persistent gut damage may be at increased risk for a later small bowel complication, including lymphoma. The overall good news here is that full mucosal healing can and does occur in most people with celiac disease. Some people may take longer to heal, but the evidence shows that most do eventually heal. Source: International Journal of Celiac Disease, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 1, xx. DOI:10.12691/ijcd-5-1-4
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