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Showing results for tags 'autistic'.
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Study Looks at Health Disparities and Autism
Jefferson Adams posted an article in Autism and Celiac Disease
Celiac.com 11/08/2023 - Autistic adults often face more significant health challenges than their non-autistic counterparts, as revealed by numerous epidemiological studies. Although this issue has been explored, research has mainly been confined to specific geographical areas and has centered on young autistic individuals aged 35 and under. Recent research points to a higher mortality rate in autistic people and less satisfactory self-reported healthcare experiences. A team of researchers recently set out to examine increased rates of chronic physical health conditions in autistic adolescents and adults. The research team included John H. Ward, Elizabeth Weir, Carrie Allison & Simon Baron-Cohen. They are variously affiliated with the Royal Devon University NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, UK; the University of Exeter Medical School, Devon, UK; the University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford, UK; the Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; and the Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, Cambridge, UK. Do Autistic Individuals Experience Higher Levels of Non-communicable Health Conditions? The team's study aimed to answer two fundamental questions: Do autistic individuals experience higher levels of non-communicable health conditions, and if so, can these disparities be attributed to differences in demographics, lifestyle factors, and family medical history? The researchers conducted a cross-sectional, convenience-sampling study through an anonymous online survey, which included over 2300 participants comprising both autistic and non-autistic adults, with roughly half being autistic. The survey collected self-reported data on demographics, autism diagnosis, lifestyle factors (like diet, exercise, sleep, substance use), personal medical history, and family medical history (for all first-degree, biological relatives). They used binomial logistic regression models of increasing complexity and employed the Benjamini–Hochberg correction to mitigate multiple testing effects. The study analyzed physical health conditions, considering only those with at least 1% endorsement within the sample to reduce the risk of Type I errors. Additionally, they used network analysis methods to explore the presence of multiple health conditions (multi-morbidity) in both autistic and non-autistic individuals. The study uncovered significantly higher rates of non-communicable health conditions across various organ systems in autistic individuals. These systems included the gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine, visual, ear/nose/throat, skin, liver and kidney, and hematological systems. This study confirmed previous findings of notable differences in neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms between autistic and non-autistic individuals. The study also found a higher prevalence of celiac disease among autistic individuals compared to non-autistic individuals after controlling for sex, ethnicity, country of residence, alcohol use, smoking, and BMI, however, these results became non-significant after accounting for family history. Furthermore, this study, the largest to date, identified a higher likelihood of Ehler-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) in autistic females, compared to their non-autistic counterparts. Notably, the research also revealed higher rates of celiac disease among autistic individuals, even after considering demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity, and country of residence. However, this difference became statistically insignificant when accounting for family history. In essence, the study underscores that autistic adults face disparities in non-communicable health conditions compared to their non-autistic peers. The findings demonstrate the need for tailored healthcare and interventions to address these disparities and improve the overall health and well-being of autistic individuals. Read more in Molecular Autism volume 14, Article number: 35 (2023 -
Celiac.com 10/15/2013 - Most case reports suggest an association between autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) and celiac disease (celiac disease) or positive celiac disease serologic test results, but larger studies are contradictory. A team of researchers recently set out to examine the association between ASDs and celiac disease according to small intestinal histopathologic findings. The research team included Jonas F. Ludvigsson; Abraham Reichenberg; Christina M. Hultman; and Joseph A. Murray. They are variously affiliated with the Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, with the Department of Pediatrics at Orebro University Hospital, Orebro University in Orebro, Sweden, with the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, with the Department of Psychosis Studies at the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College in London, United Kingdom, and with the Department of Psychiatry at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, New York. For their nationwide case-control study, the researchers used 28 Swedish biopsy registers to gather data on approximately 26,995 individuals with celiac disease, which they defined as the presence of villous atrophy, Marsh stage 3. They found 12,304 patients with inflammation (Marsh stages 1-2), 3719 patients with normal mucosa (Marsh stage 0), but positive celiac results for IgA/IgG gliadin, endomysium, or tissue transglutaminase. They then compared these results against and results for 213,208 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The team used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for prior ASD diagnosis according to the Swedish National Patient Register and then conducted a second analysis, using Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for future ASDs in individuals undergoing small intestinal biopsy. They found that previous ASD was not associated with celiac disease (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.51-1.68) or inflammation (OR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.40-2.64). However, they did finds that previous ASD was associated with a sharp higher risk of having normal mucosa but positive serologic test result for celiac disease (OR, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.58-13.22). Once the team restricted the data to individuals without no diagnosis for ASD at the time of biopsy, they found that celiac disease (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13-1.71) and inflammation (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.29-3.13) were both connected with slightly higher risks of later ASDs, compared against the HR of 3.09 (95% CI, 1.99-4.80) for later ASDs in individuals with normal mucosa but positive celiac disease serologic test results. Even though this study showed no connection between previous ASD and celiac disease or inflammation, it did show that individuals with normal mucosa, but positive blood screens for celiac disease, have a much higher risk of ASD. Source: JAMA Psychiatry. Published online September 25, 2013. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2048
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Celiac.com 08/16/2013 - Research suggests that many people with autism are sensitive to gluten, and plenty of people turn to gluten-free diets to help their autistic children. But for Real Housewives of New Jersey star Jacqueline Laurita, a gluten-free diet is just the start. She's trying anything and everything to help their autistic three-year-old son Nicholas, including some pretty high-tech therapies. Jacqueline spends a great deal of her time researching her son’s condition, and finding new therapies to help his development. Laurita is currently trying a gluten- and casein-free (Gluten-free Casein-free) diet, and she’s even trying out a hyperbaric oxygen chamber bed, which is said to reduce inflammation, and increase oxygen levels and blood flow to the brain. She decided to give it a try after reading that hypbaric oxygen chambers might help children on the [autism] spectrum. Still, Laurita is not counting on a any miracles. She points out that not every treatment will work, but they might help, "so you gotta try…" Adding with a smile that "even Michael Jackson had one!”
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The following was taken from AUTISM 95: The following was written about a study: to determine whether children with autism and known food/chemical intolerance have a deficiency of phenol-sulphotransferase-P enzyme and/or a low capacity to oxidize sulfur compounds. On the results obtained so far, all 18 children have a low enzyme level, and some have a low capacity to oxidize sulfur compounds. This enzyme metabolizes phenols and amines. Therefore, with a reduced level, these children will be unable to fully metabolize foods and chemicals which contain phenols (and amines)... ...The majority of children in this category ... have allergy to or intolerance of many foods/chemicals, the main offenders being wheat, cows milk, and salicylates. Their family histories show asthma, eczema, migraines, hay fever, plus many other allergy-related conditions...Their siblings display learning difficulties, dyslexia, etc..... In autism and other disorders we suspect a peptidase deficiency so that proteins are not broken down into individual amino acids and these short, biologically active chains (peptides) exist in appreciable quantities. Even in the normal gut there will be some of these substances but they are not normally a problem. If the gut wall is leaky (celiac disease or lack of sulfur transferase, etc) these compounds will get into the bloodstream. Even then there should be no serious problem unless they enter the blood... ...The brain is protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB) which is partly physical and partly chemical in nature. Thus this would keep peptides out unless there are huge quantities circulating. So when the intestinal wall is not healthy and the brain is vulnerable, the brain is affected directly. Learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and even extremes such as schizophrenic behavior can result. The three things which happen are: Not Enough Enzymes To Fully Digest Particular Protein Chains A Breachable Intestinal Wall A Vulnerable Brain
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