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Showing results for tags 'bifidobacterium'.
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Reduced Fecal Acidity Mirrors Rise in Celiac Rates
Scott Adams posted an article in Origins of Celiac Disease
Celiac.com 10/12/2020 - Researchers have recently begun to understand that gut bacteria play a critical role in keeping people healthy. They are also beginning to understand that our poop offers an excellent glimpse into our gut health. We know that the gut microbiota of children begin to change when they get celiac disease. Low levels of certain gut bacteria correspond with higher rates of celiac disease. We also know that gut microbiomes of children with a high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes are significantly different than those of children with low genetic risk. Moreover, changing gut microbiota could protect against celiac disease. However, there's much to learn about exactly which bacteria is beneficial and which bacteria is harmful, and what the best balance of bacteria may be to help optimize our health. We do understand that one bacteria strain, bifidobacterium infantis, is beneficial to gut health. To learn more, a group of researchers conducted a study to see if they could introduce an important species of good bacteria, known as bifidobacterium infantis, into the guts of babies with deficient levels. When they did so, they found that the stool pH became much more acidic, which is a more normal gut condition. This led the team to hypothesize that lower stool pH could reflect a healthier gut, with more optimal levels of beneficial microbes. To investigate their hypothesis, the team analyzed the pH of infant stool by looking at studies from 1926 to 2017. They found that infant stool pH has risen from 5.0 to 6.5 over the last hundred years or so, meaning that is has become less acidic and more basic over the years. This is a major difference, as the pH scale runs from 0 to 14.0, with 7.0 being neutral. That change could reflect a decrease in bifidobacterium, and a reduction in gut health during that time. Normally, healthy mothers pass bifidobacterium and many other strains of gut bacteria to their babies via their breast milk. The researchers think that the reduction in bifidobacterium in infants may reflect reduced gut health in mothers doing that time. According to researcher Bethany Henrick, of Evolve BioSystems, a biomedical company in Davis, California, and her co-author Jennifer Smilowitz, a nutritional biologist at the University of California, Davis, bifidobacterium is important, because it binds exclusively to human milk oligosaccharides, which are sugars found only in breast milk. Oligosaccharides provides food bifidobacterium needs to grow and reproduce. Healthy levels of bifidobacterium in the gut help to keep bad bacteria from growing in the gut. About 80% of the cells that make up our immune systems are in our guts. "There's this intimate connection between the gut microbiome and our immune system," says Henrick. If bifidobacterium levels are low, bad bacteria can flourish. Higher levels of bad gut bacteria could tax the immune system, and promote allergies and certain autoimmune diseases. Women can promote gut health by eating a diet high in fiber, such as whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. Prior studies have shown that gut bacteria is influenced by three things: How often a baby gets antibiotics, whether they are breastfed, and whether they were delivered naturally, or via cesarean section. The researchers encourage doctors and new mothers to work to promote a healthy gut microbiome in their babies by limiting antibiotics and cesarean sections, and to breastfeed, when possible. By learning more about the role of gut bacteria and a healthy gut biome in the development of celiac disease can help us to better understand the origins of the disease, as well as how we might be able to reduce it in the future. Stay tuned for more on the role of gut bacteria in celiac disease, and related news. Read more at Pediatr Res. 2019; 86(6): 749–757.- 1 comment
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Celiac.com 12/09/2020 - Research has shown that oral Bifidobacterium infantis Natren Life Start super strain (NLS-SS) can reduce gastro-intestinal symptoms in untreated celiac disease patients. Because the reduction in symptoms was not due to any change in intestinal permeability, serum cytokine levels, chemokines, or growth factors, researchers have hypothesized that the reduction of symptoms seen in celiac patients treated with B. infantis may be associated with the modulation of innate immunity. To test that hypothesis, a team of researchers recently investigated the potential mechanics of a probiotic B.infantis Natren Life Start super strain on the mucosal expression of innate immune markers in adults with active untreated celiac disease, compared with those treated with B. infantis at 6 weeks and after 1 year on a gluten-free diet. The research team included Maria I. Pinto-Sánchez, MD, Edgardo C. Smecuol, MD, Maria P. Temprano, RD, Emilia Sugai, BSBC, Andrea González, RD, PhD, María L. Moreno,MD, Xianxi Huang, MD, PhD, Premysl Bercik, MD, Ana Cabanne, MD, Horacio Vázquez, MD, Sonia Niveloni, MD, Roberto Mazure, MD, Eduardo Mauriño, MD, Elena F. Verdú , MD, PhD, and Julio C. Bai, MD. They are variously affiliated with the Medicine Department, Farcombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; the Small Intestinal Section, Department of Medicine; the Department of Alimentation, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo, Gastroenterology Hospital; the Research Institute, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The team used immunohistochemistry in duodenal biopsies to assess the numbers of macrophages and Paneth cells, and the expression of a-defen-sin-5. The results showed that a gluten-free diet decreases duodenal macrophage counts in celiac disease patients more substantially than B. infantis, while B. infantis decreases Paneth cell counts and expression of a-defensin-5 in celiac patients. This study showed key physical differences between a year of gluten-free dieting, and the innate immune effects after treatment with B. infantis. They also point out the need to further study potentially synergistic effects of gluten-free diet and B. infantis together. Readmore in the J Clin Gastroenterol 2016;00:000–000
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Celiac.com 03/13/2013 - To determine if the probiotic Bifidobacterium natren life start (NLS) strain might affect the treatment and clinical features of patients with untreated celiac disease, a team of researchers recently conducted an exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Bifidobacterium infantis natren life start super strain in active celiac disease. The research team included E. Smecuol, H.J. Hwang, E. Sugai, L. Corso, A.C. Cherñavsky, F.P. Bellavite, A. González, F. Vodánovich, M.L. Moreno, H. Vázquez, G. Lozano, S.Niveloni, R. Mazure, J. Meddings, E. Mauriño, and J.C. Bai. They are variously affiliated with the Small Intestinal Section of the Department of Medicine in the Department of Alimentation at the Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo," the Department of Immunogenetics of the Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín" at the Universidad de Buenos Aires, the Consejo de Investigación en Salud, Ministerio de Salud in Ciudad de Buenos Aires, the Department of Gastroenterology at the Universidad del Salvador in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the Gastrointestinal Research Group at the University of Calgary in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. For their study, the team enrolled 22 adult patients with two positive celiac disease-specific tests. Over a three week period, patients randomly received two capsules of either Bifidobacterium infantis natren life start strain super strain (Lifestart 2) (2×10 colony-forming units per capsule). All patients consumed at least 12 g of gluten per day for the duration of the test. In all, twelve patients received the bifidobacterium, while ten received the placebo. At the end of the trial, the team used biopsy to confirm celiac disease in all patients. The primary factor being measured was changes to intestinal permeability. The secondary factor was changes in symptoms and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and in immunologic indicators of inflammation. Neither treatment caused significant changes in abnormal baseline intestinal permeability. In contrast to patients receiving the placebo, patients who received B. infantis experienced significant improvements as measured by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (P=0.0035 for indigestion; P=0.0483 for constipation; P=0.0586 for reflux). The administration of B. infantis was completely safe. Patients who received B. infantis showed lower ratios of IgA tTG and IgA DGP antibody (P=0.055 for IgA tTG and P=0.181 for IgA DGP). Patients who received B. infantis also had significantly higher levels of serum macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (P<0.04). The results indicate that B. infantis may alleviate symptoms in untreated celiac disease. The probiotic produced some immunologic changes, but did not change abnormal intestinal permeability. The researchers call for further study to confirm and/or expand these results. Source: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb;47(2):139-47. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31827759ac.
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Celiac.com 12/29/2016 - Researchers have documented a reduction of gastrointestinal symptoms in untreated celiac disease patients after oral administration of Bifidobacterium infantis Natren Life Start super strain (NLS-SS). The reduction of symptoms was not connected with and changes in intestinal permeability or serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors. That led the team to hypothesize that the benefits observed in celiac patients treated with B. infantis may be connected to the modulation of innate immunity. A team of researchers recently set out to investigate the potential mechanisms of a probiotic B. infantis Natren Life Start super strain on the mucosal expression of innate immune markers in adult patients with active untreated celiac disease compared with those treated with B. infantis 6 weeks and after 1 year of gluten-free diet. The research team included Maria I. Pinto-Sanchez, MD, Edgardo C. Smecuol, MD, Maria P. Temprano, RD, Emilia Sugai, BSBC, Andrea Gonzalez, RD, PhD, Maria L. Moreno, MD, Xianxi Huang, MD, PhD, Premysl Bercik, MD, Ana Cabanne, MD, Horacio Vazquez, MD, Sonia Niveloni, MD, Roberto Mazure, MD, Eduardo Maurino, MD, Elena F. Verdu´, MD, PhD, and Julio C. Bai, MD. They are variously affiliated with the Medicine Department, Farcombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Small Intestinal Section, Department of Medicine; Department of Alimentation, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital and Research Institute at the Universidad del Salvador in Buenos Aires, Argentina. They first used immunohistochemistry to assess the numbers of macrophages and Paneth cells, and the expression a-defensin-5 in duodenal biopsies. They found that a gluten-free diet reduces duodenal macrophage counts in celiac patients more effectively than B. infantis. In contrast, B. infantis decreases Paneth cell counts and expression of a-defensin-5 in celiac disease (P< 0.001). The results identify differential innate immune effects of treatment with B. infantis compared with 1 year of gluten-free diet. The team is calling for further study to determine synergistic effects of gluten-free diet and B. infantis supplements in celiac disease. Source: salvador.academia.edu
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Celiac.com 03/09/2009 - A team of researchers based in Finland recently demonstrated for the first time that B. lactis probiotic bacteria are capable of shielding epithelial cells from cellular damage caused by gliadin exposure. The research team was made up of doctors K. Lindfors, T. Blomqvist, K. Juuti-Uusitalo, S. Stenman, J. Venäläinen, M. Mäki and K. Kaukinen. They are associated with the Paediatric Research Centre for the Medical School of the Finland’s University of Tampere, the Department of Peadiatrics, and the Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery at Tampere University Hospital, and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Finland’s University of Kuopio. In people with celiac disease, wheat gliadin causes serious intestinal symptoms and damages the small-bowel mucosa. Untreated, this can leave the individual at risk of developing various cancers and numerous associated conditions. Most all of this can be reversed or prevented if detected and treated early enough. Currently, the only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict life-long gluten-free diet. However, a 100% gluten-free diet is nearly impossible to maintain, with so many gluten-free products containing trace amounts of gluten. Because of this, people with celiac disease face regular gluten contamination. Also because of this, acceptable alternatives are desirable. Earlier studies have indicated that probiotic bacteria might be used in sourdough fermentation to induce the hydrolysis of celiac toxic gluten in food manufacturing, and thereby benefit people with celiac disease. Although several studies have addressed the ability of probiotic bacteria to detoxify gliadin after an extensive incubation period, the team found none that investigated whether various live probiotic bacteria can inhibit gliadin-induced toxic effects directly on epithelial cells. In this study the team set out to determine whether probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum or Bifidobacterium lactis might block the toxic effects of gliadin in intestinal cell culture conditions. To assess the degree to which live probiotics were able to block peptic-tryptic digested gliadin-induced degradation of human colon cells Caco-2, the team measured epithelial permeability by transepithelial resistance, actin cytoskeleton arrangements by the extent of membrane ruffling and expression of tight junctional protein ZO-1. B. lactis inhibited the gliadin-induced increase dose-dependently in epithelial permeability, and, at higher concentrations totally eliminated the gliadin-induced reduction in transepithelial resistance. That is, B. lactis decreased or eliminated the compromise in cell-wall resistance caused by gliadin. This means that B. lactis overcame the mechanism that gives rise to the decreased cell resistance and the increased permeability that occurs during an adverse reaction to wheat gliadin. The B. lactis strain also interfered with the creation of membrane ruffles in Caco-2 cells caused by gliadin exposure. Furthermore, it also shielded the tight junctions of Caco-2 cells from the toxic effects of gliadin, as shown by the way in which ZO-1 is expressed. The researchers concluded that live B. lactis bacteria might achieve partial to full blockage of gliadin toxicity gluten/gliadin-induced damage in the small-intestinal mucosa of people with celiac disease, and that it merits further study concerning its potential as a dietary supplement to guard against any silent damage associated with accidental gluten-contamination in celiac disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 152: 552–558
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