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Showing results for tags 'long-term'.
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Celiac.com 09/02/2020 - In a recent blog post, the Toronto law firm, Himelfarb Proszanski LLP, noted that people with any of a number of long-term disabilities are routinely denied coverage for their conditions by medical insurance. Chronic mental and psychological disorders, which lack clear visible evidence, are the most commonly denied conditions. These include mental and psychological conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, paranoid schizophrenia, chronic anxiety and sleep disorders. Generally speaking, the post notes, physical disabilities, like serious back and spinal problems, paralysis, or blindness, are easier to spot and see fewer denials. However, the list of physical conditions that see frequent insurance denials of coverage includes celiac disease, fibromyalgia and chronic arthritis, among others. The post notes that such conditions are often hard to diagnose, and sometimes difficult to prove in court. To qualify for long-term disability insurance benefits, the post says, people with serious depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia often need diagnoses from more than two physicians. People denied coverage for these hard-to-diagnose long-term disability conditions face can face an uphill legal battle. “Many insurance and legal experts say the situation is equivalent to discrimination against people who suffer from mental illness or ‘invisible’ disease or ailment,” the firm noted. Even people who have qualified, and are currently receiving benefits are subject to review and sudden denial, said the firm's post. Have you or a loved one faced an uphill insurance battle because of celiac disease or any of the conditions listed above? Be sure to share your story in the comments section below. Read more at the LATimes.com
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Celiac.com 06/26/2013 - Do people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease die younger than people with T1D who do not have celiac disease? Do celiac patients without T1D live longer than those with T1D? Currently, not much is known about how celiac disease might influence mortality rates in people with T1D. A team of researchers recently set out to examine rates of death in patients with both T1D and celiac disease. The researchers include K. Mollazadegan, D.S. Sanders, J. Ludvigsson, and J.F. Ludvigsson. The are variously affiliated with the Clinical Epidemiology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and with St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. The research team set out to examine mortality in patients with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease. For their study, the team used biopsy reports to identify all people diagnosed with celiac disease between 1969 and 2008, within all 28 pathology departments in Sweden. They defined T1D as a diagnosis of diabetes recorded in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1964 and 2009 in individuals aged ≤30 years. Their follow-up showed 960 patients with both T1D and celiac disease. For each individual with T1D and celiac disease, they selected up to five subjects with T1D alone (no celiac disease) as a reference group of 4608 individuals. They then matched all reference individuals for sex, age and calendar period of diagnosis. The team used stratified Cox regression analysis with celiac disease as a time-dependent covariate to estimate the risk of death in patients with both T1D and celiac disease compared to those with T1D alone. The results showed that celiac disease was not a risk factor for death in patients with T1D in the first 5 years after celiac disease diagnosis [hazard ratio (hazard ratio) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-1.73]. However, with the passage of time, that reality changed, and mortality risk rose in direct relation to follow-up time (5 to In the end, for people with T1D, having a celiac disease diagnosis for at least 15 years was associated with a 2.80 times greater risk of death (95% CI 1.28-6.12). Source: J Intern Med. 2013 May 23. doi: 10.1111/joim.12092.
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Celiac.com 03/20/2017 - Researchers really do not have really good data on rates of celiac disease in the general population of children in the United States. A team of researchers recently set out to estimate the cumulative incidence of celiac disease in adolescents born in the Denver metropolitan area. The research team included Edwin Liu, Fran Dong, MS, Anna E. Barón, PhD, Iman Taki, BS, Jill M. Norris, MPH, PhD, Brigitte I. Frohnert, MD, PhD, Edward J. Hoffenberg, MD, and Marian Rewers, MD, PhD. Their team collected data on HLA-DR, DQ genotypes of 31,766 infants, born from 1993 through 2004 at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Denver, from the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. For up to 20 years, the researchers followed subjects with susceptibility genotypes for celiac disease and type 1 diabetes for development of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). The team was looking for patients who developed either celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) or celiac disease, and they defined CDA as persistence of tTGA for at least 3 months or development of celiac disease. Marsh 2 or greater lesions in biopsies or persistent high levels of tTGA, indicated celiac disease. For each genotype, the team assessed cumulative incidence of CDA and celiac disease. To estimate the cumulative incidence in the Denver general population, they weighted outcomes by each genotype, based on the frequency of each of these genotypes in the general population. They found that, of 1.339 patients they studied, 66 developed CDA and met criteria for celiac disease, while 46 developed only CDA. Seropositivity for tTGA resolved spontaneously, without treatment, in 21 of the 46 patients with only CDA (46%). The team estimated the total incidence for CDA in the Denver general population at 5, 10, and 15 years of age was 2.4%, 4.3%, and 5.1% respectively; incidence values for celiac disease were 1.6%, 2.8%, and 3.1%, respectively. This 20-year prospective study of 1.339 children with genetic risk factors for celiac disease showed the total incidence of CDA and celiac disease to be high within the first 10 years. Although more than 5% of children may experience a period of CDA, that is, persistently high celiac autoantibodies, not all of them develop celiac disease or require gluten-free diets. Sources: Gastroenterology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.02.002 gastrojournal.org
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Scand J Gastroenterol 1999 Feb;34(2):163-9 Kaukinen K, Collin P, Holm K, Rantala I, Vuolteenaho N, Reunala T, Maki M Dept. of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. BACKGROUND: We investigated whether wheat starch-based gluten-free products are safe in the treatment of gluten intolerance. METHODS: The study involved 41 children and adults with coeliac disease and 11 adults with dermatitis herpetiformis adhering to a gluten-free diet for 8 years on average. Thirty-five newly diagnosed coeliac patients at diagnosis and 6 to 24 months after the start of a gluten-free diet and 27 non-coeliac patients with dyspepsia were investigated for comparison. Daily dietary gluten and wheat starch intake were calculated. Small bowel mucosal villous architecture, CD3+, alphabeta+, and gammadelta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, mucosal HLA-DR expression, and serum endomysial, reticulin, and gliadin antibodies were investigated. RESULTS: Forty of 52 long-term-treated patients adhered to a strict wheat starch-based diet and 6 to a strict naturally gluten-free diet; 6 patients had dietary lapses. In the 46 patients on a strict diet the villous architecture, enterocyte height, and density of alphabeta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were similar to those in non-coeliac subjects and better than in short-term-treated coeliac patients. The density of gammadelta(+)cells was higher, but they seemed to decrease over time with the gluten-free diet. Wheat starch-based gluten-free flour products did not cause aberrant up-regulation of mucosal HLA-DR. The mucosal integrity was not dependent on the daily intake of wheat starch in all patients on a strict diet, whereas two of the six patients with dietary lapses had villous atrophy and positive serology. CONCLUSION: Wheat starch-based gluten-free flour products were not harmful in the treatment of coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.
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Most Celiac Patients Improve on a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet
Jefferson Adams posted an article in Latest Research
Celiac.com 08/22/2016 - Many doctors hear from celiac patients who suffer from persistent symptoms despite a long-term gluten-free diet. A research team recently set out to investigate the prevalence and severity of these symptoms in patients with variable duration of a gluten-free diet. The research team included Pilvi Laurikka, Teea Salmi, Pekka Collin, Heini Huhtala, Markku Mäki, Katri Kaukinen, and Kalle Kurppa. They are variously affiliated with the School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland, the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Dermatology, the Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland, and the Tampere School of Health Sciences, at the University of Tampere in Tampere 33014, Finland, the Centre for Child Health Research at the University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33014, Finland. Altogether, the team classified 856 patients into three groups: 128 untreated patients, 93 on a short-term gluten-free diet of 1–2 years, and 635 patients on a long-term gluten-free diet of 3 years or longer. They conducted analyses of clinical and histological data and dietary adherence. They also included a control group of 166 healthy subjects. The team evaluated symptoms according to the validated GSRS questionnaire. They compared severity of symptoms against severity in cases of peptic ulcer, reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Altogether, 93% of the short-term and 94% of the long-term treated patients had a strict gluten-free diet and recovered mucosa. Untreated patients had more diarrhea, indigestion and abdominal pain than those on a gluten-free diet and controls. Their results showed no differences in symptoms between the short- and long-term gluten-free diet groups, though both showed poorer GSRS total score than control subjects, with p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively. Patients treated 1–2 years had more diarrhea (p = 0.03) and those treated >10 years had more cases of reflux (p = 0.04) than control subjects. Meanwhile, long-term treated celiac patients showed relatively mild symptoms compared with other gastrointestinal diseases. Based on these results, most celiac patients showed a good response to gluten-free diet, which continued in long-term follow-up, although not all patients see their health return to that of non-celiac individuals. Source: Nutrients 2016, 8(7), 429. doi:10.3390/nu8070429 -
Celiac.com 04/04/2012 - After numerous studies over several decades showing higher mortality rates in people with celiac disease, including a comprehensive study in 2009, published in Gastroenterology, news of a recent UK study, finding mortality rates for people with untreated celiac disease that are similar to the general population, has raised a few eyebrows. With diverse study data fueling differing opinions, questions regarding long-term mortality in people with celiac disease will likely take time to resolve. In the meantime, a review of scientific literature brought up this small 2007 study. In it, a research team compared long-term mortality rates in people diagnosed with celiac disease as children with rates for those diagnosed as adults. They wanted to find out how those rates might differ and if the rates might be related to the disease and the length of gluten exposure before diagnosis. To find an answer, the team gathered data for 285 children and 340 adults diagnosed with celiac disease. They continued to gather data for each until the end of 2004, excepting those who failed to follow up for other reasons. From their data, the team calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for the period starting five years after patient diagnosis. They found that adults diagnosed with celiac disease had 38% higher mortality rates (SMR 1.38, 95% CI 1.16-1.63). Children on the other hand, faced rates three-times higher (SMR 3.32, 95% CI 2.05-5.07). This excess mortality in children was mainly due to higher rates of death from accidents, suicide, and violence (seven deaths, SMR 3.22, 95% CI 1.29-6.63), cancer (five deaths, SMR 3.72, 95% CI 1.21-8.67), and cerebrovascular disease (two deaths, SMR 10.03, 95% CI 1.21-36.00). The 2007 study found that adults with celiac disease face a modest increase in mortality rates over the long-term, but that mortality rates for those diagnosed with celiac disease as children were three-times higher starting five years after diagnosis. The team proposed that the increased mortality in children from external causes may be due to behavioral changes associated with living with life-long celiac disease and its treatment. Stay tuned for further developments regarding mortality rates in people with celaic disease. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2007;102(4):864-870.
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Long-term Histological Follow-up of People with Celiac Disease
Jefferson Adams posted an article in Latest Research
Celiac.com 07/28/2010 - Most people with celiac disease keep themselves healthy by following a gluten free diet. More and more, doctors are recognizing the importance of confirming gut recovery through follow-up evaluation. Still, among clinicians, there is currently no standard for follow-up confirmation of gut healing in celiac disease treatment. Many guidelines recommend an initial follow-up biopsy at 4-6 months after the patient begins a gluten-free diet. However, the use of biopsy to confirm gut healing is still controversial, as it can yield enormously variable results. A group of researchers recently set out to establish the amount of time it takes for full gut recovery in patients with celiac disease. The research team was made up of J.M. Hutchinson, N.P. West, G.G. Robins and P.D. Howdle. They are variously affiliated with the Sections of Medicine, Surgery and Anesthesia, the Section of Pathology & Tumour Biology at the Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine in Leeds, and with the Department of Gastroenterology of the York Foundation Hospitals Trust, York, UK. The team enrolled patients who attended a specialty celiac disease clinic prior to March 2009, and recorded various clinicopathological information into a database. The team reviewed histopathology reports for all duodenal biopsies, and scored each biopsy for histopathology based on a modified Marsh grade. The team indexed and performed at least one biopsy on two hundred and eighty-four patients. The team found marked gut improvement in two-hundred and twenty-seven patients (80%), and a complete return to normal histology in 100 patients (35%). Average recovery time was 1.9 years, with a range of 1.0–4.8 years. Patients with less serious celiac disease at the start showed a better overall response (r = 0.281, P < 0.0001), while older patients recovered more quickly (r = –0.200, P = 0.001). Patients who best followed a gluten-free diet showed the best biopsy scores (r = –0.134, P = 0.040) and the greatest degree of histological recovery (r = 0.161, P = 0.014). Current guidelines for treatment of celiac disease recommend timing repeat biopsy 4-6 months after commencing a gluten free diet. These results shows histological recovery generally takes longer than traditionally thought, and that doctors looking to conduct such follow-ups might do well to factor in the patient’s age at diagnosis, the initial disease score, as well as the level of compliance with a gluten free diet. Source: QJM 2010 103(7):511-517- 4 comments
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Celiac.com 06/18/2010 - One of the conditions associated with celiac disease is called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. A previous study showed that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is the trigger for about one in three (20/66) cases of current or persistent diarrhea in adults with celiac disease. Of these 20 patients, 19 showed initial improvement with pancreatic supplementation. However, at this point, there are no longitudinal studies on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the medical literature. A research team set out to rectify that by conducting their own longitudinal study. The team included Kate E. Evans, John S. Leeds, Stephen Morley, and David S. Sanders. Over the next four years, the team conducted prospective follow-up checks on the 20 patients who received therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The team assessed gastrointestinal symptoms, dietary adherence, celiac antibody status, and dose of enzyme supplementation. They repeated titters for fecal elastase-1 (Fel-1) to reassess exocrine pancreatic function. The team was able to review 19 of the 20 patients; one patient had died. The group averaged 59.7 years of age. Seven subjects were male. On average, patients suffered from celiac disease for 13.2 years. Eleven out of nineteen patients continued on enzyme supplementation, with average doses of 45,000 units of lipase per day. Only one of the eleven patients reported no reduction in symptoms, while eight of the 19 patients had discontinued the supplements after their diarrhea abated. The entire group showed a substantial increase in Fel-1 levels over time, with median values of 90 lg/g at zero months, 212 lg/g at six months, and 365 lg/g at follow-up of 45–66 months (p/0.0001). Fecal elastase-1 is helpful in spotting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in adult celiac patients with diarrhea. Results of the team's longitudinal survey indicate that that patients with celiac disease can end pancreatic enzyme supplementation as symptoms improve. Source: Dig Dis Sci. DOI 10.1007/s10620-010-1261-y
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Celiac.com 03/03/2010 - A team of researchers set out to assess long-term outcomes of thyroid function and autoimmunity in a large population of children with celiac disease. The research team included Alessandra Cassio, MD, Giampaolo Ricci, MD, Federico Baronio, MD, Angela Miniaci, MD, Milva Bal, MD, Barbara Bigucci, MD, Veronica Conti, MD, and Alessandro Cicognani, MD. To accomplish this, they conducted a longitudinal, retrospective study at the Pediatric Department, University of Bologna, Italy (duration of follow-up, 8.9 +- 4.0 years). In all, the team examined one hundred thirty-five consecutive patients diagnosed between June 1990 and December 2004 and followed on a gluten-free diet. To be included, researchers required study subjects to maintain good dietary compliance and duration of follow-up for at least 3 years. A total of 101 patients showed no positive antithyroid titers during the follow-up, while 86 remained euthyroid; 15 showed high thyroid-stimulating hormone values at diagnosis that normalized in 11 cases after 12 to 18 months of gluten withdrawal. A total of 31 patients showed persistently positive antibody titers, with 23 of those (74%) remained consistently euthyroid during the follow-up and 8 (26%) had a subclinical hypothyroidism. Children with growth retardation or gastroenterological symptoms at diagnosis and different lengths of gluten exposure showed similar rates of positive antibodies. In children with celiac disease, antithyroid antibodies have a low clinical value for predicting the development of thyroid hypo-function during the indicated surveillance period. They encourage a more comprehensive follow-up. Source: J Pediatr. Volume 156, Issue 2, Page A2; February 2010
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Celiac.com 08/11/2009 - While the use of anti-tTG antibodies is common practice in the diagnosis of celiac disease, their value in long-term follow-up remains controversial. A team of researchers recently set out to assess the value of anti-tTG antibodies in long-term follow-up. The research team was made up of C.R. Dipper, S. Maitra, R. Thomas, C.A. Lamb, A.P.C. McLean-Tooke, R. Ward, D. Smith, G. Spickett, and J.C. Mansfield. Their goal was to see if they could use serial anti-tTG antibody levels to gauge adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and to spot patients facing complications from celiac disease. Researchers conducted a cohort follow-up study of 182 adult subjects over 54-months. The team charted patient self-assessment of gluten-free diet adherence; anti-tTG antibody concentration and serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate. When possible, they measured bone mineral density (BMD) and duodenal histology. The team found that patients with persistently high anti-tTG antibody levels commonly showed abnormal duodenal histology (P < 0.001), low ferritin (P < 0.01) and poor adherence to the GFD (P < 0.001). Anti-tTG antibody specificity was > 85% while the sensitivity was 39–60%. Anti-tTG antibody concentrations fell rapidly following successful implementation of a gluten-free diet, and remained normal in those who faithfully followed the gluten-free diet. From these results, the team advocates the use of anti-tTG antibody concentrations to monitor newly diagnosed and established patients with celiac disease, and to target dietary intervention accordingly to reduce the risk of long-term problems. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2009;30(3):236-244.
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Celiac.com 01/03/2009 - The development of reliable blood tests for celiac disease have shown the condition to be much more common than previously thought. In fact, the rate of diagnosis has increased sharply in recent years. It’s been well documented that, for most people celiac disease, a gluten-free diet leads to healing of the small intestine, and brings about overall improvements in their quality of life. Current medical wisdom dictates that once a person is diagnosed with celiac disease and experiences an improvement in symptoms by adopting a gluten-free diet, there is little need to undergo follow-up screening unless they experience a clear recurrence of symptoms. Some doctors are beginning to challenge that practice. However, it is also becoming clear that people with celiac disease face a higher risk of risk of developing a number of long-term complications and other autoimmune disorders. The list of such complications and conditions associated with celiac disease is growing rapidly, in particular, autoimmune disease, malignancy, and bone disease. Can these be prevented and outcomes improved? Risk factors that can predict or shape long-term outcomes include genetic make-up, environmental factors, especially gluten consumption and exposure, persistent small intestinal inflammationâ„ damage and nutritional deficiencies. The use of genotyping has yet to establish a clinical role in the long-term management of duodenal biopsy. Symptoms, blood tests, or other non-invasive methods are poor predictors of healing status, or the likelihood of associated complications. This means that long-term management of celiac care might benefit from strategies laying somewhere between regular biopsies for life and simple faith that one is successfully following a gluten-free diet. A team of doctors based in Australia recently set out to conduct a systematic review of the complications and associations of celiac disease, to identify potential risk factors, to define ways of assessing risk factors and to provide a strategy for management. The team was made up of Dr. M. L. Haines, Dr. R. P. Anderson & Dr. P. R. Gibson, and they conducted a review of medical literature going back to 1975. The doctors found that all people with celiac disease should have follow-up exams. They felt a reasonable minimum for all patients would be an initial consultation 1–2 weeks after biopsy diagnosis, review consultation 3–6 months later and subsequent annual reviews assessed on an individual basis. As to whether the follow-up should be done by a specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, or by a general practitioner, a nurse practitioner, or a dietitian, the research team noted that most celiac patients prefer to see a dietitian for follow-up, with a doctor available as needed. The team felt that special attention should be paid to patient adherence to a gluten free diet. The doctors noted the ease of gluten ingestion and pointed out that 6 in 10 patients experience persistent histological changes within an average of two years of undetected gluten exposure. They also noted there are a large number of associated conditions that can be averted by keeping celiac disease under control. They also note that symptoms and blood tests are poor indicators of intestinal damage levels on a cellular level. Such damage can spread from the cellular level to the systemic level over time, leaving people with untreated celiac disease face an elevated risk of developing infection. The researchers noted that people untreated celiac disease have significantly reduced levels of leucocytes, total lymphocytes, and CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes compared to those with treated celiac disease and to the general population. With so many associated conditions tied to celiac-related intestinal damage, controlling or preventing that damage becomes crucial. They also note that proper monitoring of celiac disease can help to prevent celiac-associated neuro-psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, headaches, behavioral symptoms and depression, which, it is thought may be triggered by impaired availability of tryptophan and disturbances in central serotonergic function. The proper control of celiac disease can help to prevent the development of, or improve, numerous celiac-associated conditions. That proper control means a reliable means to assess patients for follow-up, and the study presents several aspects of a new protocol for treating celiac disease over the course of the patient’s lifetime. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 28, 1042–1066
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Digestion 2002;66(3):178-85 PMID: 12481164 Ciacci C, Cirillo M, Cavallaro R, Mazzacca G. Department of Internal Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. Celiac.com 01/12/2003 - Background and Aims: Celiac disease is the most common severe food intolerance in the Western world and is due to gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible children and adults. Intestinal biopsy is the golden standard for evaluation of mucosal damage associated with celiac disease. Gluten-free diet is the key treatment for celiac disease. Data on the long-term control of celiac disease are few and limited to small series of patients. The study reports data on the control of celiac disease and on its correlates in a large cohort of celiac adults during long-term treatment with gluten-free diet. Methods: The study cohort comprises 91 men and 299 women having undergone treatment with a gluten-free diet for at least 2 years and with complete records for visits at the time of diagnosis of celiac disease (baseline). Data collection included gender, age, education, weight, bowel habit, blood hemoglobin, plasma albumin and cholesterol, serum antiendomysium antibodies (EMA), dietary compliance to gluten-free diet (coded as good, low, or very low), and intestinal damage at biopsy (coded as absent, mild, or severe). Results: The duration of follow-up was 6.9 +/- 7.5 years (mean +/- SD, range 2-22 years). At follow-up visit, intestinal damage was absent in 170 patients (43.6%), mild in 127 (32.6%), and severe in 93 (23.8%). At follow-up, intestinal damage was significantly associated with dietary compliance, EMA, and plasma albumin (follow-up value and change value from baseline to follow-up). Baseline education significantly predicted dietary compliance and intestinal damage at follow-up. Conclusions: Celiac disease is often poorly controlled in the majority of patients on long-term treatment with a gluten-free diet as demonstrated by intestinal biopsy. Lack of adherence to strict gluten-free diet is the main reason of poorly controlled disease in adults. Laboratory and clinical information have a high positive predictive value and low negative predictive value for intestinal damage on long-term treatment. Dietary compliance as assessed by interview is the best marker of celiac disease control due to low cost, noninvasivity, and strong correlation with intestinal damage. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Scand J Gastroenterol 1999 Feb;34(2):163-9 PMID: 10192194, UI: 99206412 Authors: Kaukinen K, Collin P, Holm K, Rantala I, Vuolteenaho N, Reunala T, Maki M Dept. of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. (Celiac.com 05/14/2000) SPECIAL NOTE: European Codex Alimentarius quality wheat starch was used in this study. BACKGROUND: We investigated whether wheat starch-based gluten-free products are safe in the treatment of gluten intolerance. METHODS: The study involved 41 children and adults with coeliac disease and 11 adults with dermatitis herpetiformis adhering to a gluten-free diet for 8 years on average. Thirty-five newly diagnosed coeliac patients at diagnosis and 6 to 24 months after the start of a gluten-free diet and 27 non-coeliac patients with dyspepsia were investigated for comparison. Daily dietary gluten and wheat starch intake were calculated. Small bowel mucosal villous architecture, celiac disease3+, alphabeta+, and gammadelta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, mucosal HLA-DR expression, and serum endomysial, reticulin, and gliadin antibodies were investigated. RESULTS: Forty of 52 long-term-treated patients adhered to a strict wheat starch-based diet and 6 to a strict naturally gluten-free diet; 6 patients had dietary lapses. In the 46 patients on a strict diet the villous architecture, enterocyte height, and density of alphabeta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were similar to those in non-coeliac subjects and better than in short-term-treated coeliac patients. The density of gammadelta(+)cells was higher, but they seemed to decrease over time with the gluten-free diet. Wheat starch-based gluten-free flour products did not cause aberrant upregulation of mucosal HLA-DR. The mucosal integrity was not dependent on the daily intake of wheat starch in all patients on a strict diet, whereas two of the six patients with dietary lapses had villous atrophy and positive serology. CONCLUSION: Wheat starch-based gluten-free flour products were not harmful in the treatment of coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.
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Scand J Gastroenterol 1999 Feb;34(2):163-9 PMID: 10192194, UI: 99206412 Authors: Kaukinen K, Collin P, Holm K, Rantala I, Vuolteenaho N, Reunala T, Maki M Dept. of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. (Celiac.com 05/14/2000) SPECIAL NOTE: European Codex Alimentarius quality wheat starch was used in this study. BACKGROUND: We investigated whether wheat starch-based gluten-free products are safe in the treatment of gluten intolerance. METHODS: The study involved 41 children and adults with coeliac disease and 11 adults with dermatitis herpetiformis adhering to a gluten-free diet for 8 years on average. Thirty-five newly diagnosed coeliac patients at diagnosis and 6 to 24 months after the start of a gluten-free diet and 27 non-coeliac patients with dyspepsia were investigated for comparison. Daily dietary gluten and wheat starch intake were calculated. Small bowel mucosal villous architecture, CD3+, alphabeta+, and gammadelta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, mucosal HLA-DR expression, and serum endomysial, reticulin, and gliadin antibodies were investigated. RESULTS: Forty of 52 long-term-treated patients adhered to a strict wheat starch-based diet and 6 to a strict naturally gluten-free diet; 6 patients had dietary lapses. In the 46 patients on a strict diet the villous architecture, enterocyte height, and density of alphabeta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were similar to those in non-coeliac subjects and better than in short-term-treated coeliac patients. The density of gammadelta(+)cells was higher, but they seemed to decrease over time with the gluten-free diet. Wheat starch-based gluten-free flour products did not cause aberrant up-regulation of mucosal HLA-DR. The mucosal integrity was not dependent on the daily intake of wheat starch in all patients on a strict diet, whereas two of the six patients with dietary lapses had villous atrophy and positive serology. CONCLUSION: Wheat starch-based gluten-free flour products were not harmful in the treatment of coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.
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