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Celiac Disease & Gluten-Free Diet Forums

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Celiac Disease & Gluten-Free Diet Blogs

  • kareng's Blog
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  • An Unmistakeable Journey
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  • My tummy used to hurt....
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  • Trials and Tribulations
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  • Cee Cee's Blog
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  • ATC_BS_MS' Blog
  • learning2cope's Blog
  • Research on South African Celiac Tours
  • lindylynn's Blog
  • Celiaction's Blog
  • shelly184's Blog
  • Melissa.77's Blog
  • Keating's Not-so-Glutenfree life
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  • Coeliac, or just plain unlucky?
  • bandanamama's Blog
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  • Scott's Celiac Blog
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  • Gluten Freedom
  • Angie Baker
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  • Elizaeloise's Gluten-Free Adventures
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  • NotMollyRingwald's Blog
  • Searchin for a Primary Care Dr. In Redlands That is Knowledgeable about Celiac disease
  • num1habsfan's Blog
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  • Celiac-Positive
  • Jason's Mommy's Blog
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  • Lauren Johnson's Celiac Blog
  • I love my plant Cactus <3
  • Chele's Blog
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  • Blues Boulevard
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  • Inspiration
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  • What I've Learned
  • Da Rant Sheet
  • Michael Fowler's Blog
  • Living in Japan with Ceoliac Disease
  • mkmaren's Blog
  • MJ
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  • x1x_Stargirl_x1x's Blog
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  • Joe pilk
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  • bugs' Blog
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  • My Blog
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  • GlutenFreeLexi's Blog
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  • HONG KONG GLUTEN, WHEAT FREE PRODUCTS
  • Guth 101's Blog
  • YoAdrianne66's Blog
  • Gail Marie's Blog
  • Healthy Food Healthy You
  • SydneyT1D - Diabetic and Celiac YouTuber!
  • GFGF's Blog
  • Paramount's Blog
  • Naezer's Blog
  • Jcoursey's Blog
  • SMAS: www.celiac.com
  • gardener1's Blog
  • Naezer's Blog
  • JordanBattenSymons' Blog
  • JillianC
  • Sugar's Blog
  • Blanche22's Blog
  • Jason's Blog
  • Gluten-Free Sisters :)
  • Eab12's Celiac Blog
  • ohiodad's Blog
  • Newly Self Diagnosed?
  • misscorpiothing's Blog
  • anshika_0204's Blog
  • Petroguy
  • abqrock's Blog
  • WhoKnew?'s Blog
  • Soap Opera Central
  • nurcan's Blog
  • Cindy's Blog
  • Daughter_of_TheLight's Blog
  • nopastanopizza's Blog
  • w8in4dave's Blog
  • Mr J's Blog
  • Rachel Keating's Blog
  • paige_ann246's Blog
  • krisb's Blog
  • deetee's Blog
  • CAC's Blog
  • EmilyLinn7's Blog
  • Teri Kiefer's Blog
  • happyasabeewithceliac's Blog
  • quietmorning01's Blog
  • jaimekochan's Blog
  • Cheryl
  • Seosamh's Blog
  • donna mae's Blog
  • Colleen's blog
  • DawnJ's Blog
  • Gluten Challenge
  • twins2's Blog
  • just trying to feel better's Blog
  • Celiac Teen
  • MNBelle blog
  • Gabe351's Blog
  • moosemalibu's Blog
  • Coeliac Disease or Coeliac Sprue or Non Tropical Sprue
  • karalto's Blog
  • deacon11's Blog
  • Nyxie's Blog
  • Swpocket's Blog
  • threeringfilly's Blog
  • Madison Papers: Living Gluten-Free in a Gluten-Full World
  • babinsky's Blog
  • prettycat's Blog
  • Celiac Diagnosis at Age 24 months in 1939
  • Sandy R's Blog
  • mary m's Blog
  • Jkrupp's Blog
  • Oreo1964's Blog
  • keyboard
  • Louisa's Blog
  • Guts & Brains
  • Gluten Free Betty
  • Jesse'sGirl's Blog
  • NewMom's Blog
  • Connie C.'s Blog
  • garden girl's Blog
  • april anne's Blog
  • 4xmom's Blog
  • benalexander60's Blog
  • missmyrtle's Blog
  • Jersey Shore wheat no more's Blog
  • swezzan's Blog
  • aheartsj's Blog
  • MeltheBrit's Blog
  • glutenfreecosmeticcounter
  • Reasons Why Tummy tuck is considered best to remove unwanted belly fat?
  • alfgarrie's Blog
  • SmidginMama's Blog
  • lws' Blog
  • KMBC2014's Blog
  • Musings and Lessons Learned
  • txwildflower65's Blog
  • Uncertain
  • jess4736's Blog
  • deedo's Blog
  • persistent~Tami's Blog
  • Posterboy's Blog
  • jferguson
  • tiffjake's Blog
  • KCG91's Blog
  • Yolo's Herbs & Other Healing Strategies
  • scrockwell's Blog
  • Sandra45's Blog
  • Theresa Marie's Blog
  • Skylark's Blog
  • JessicaB's Blog
  • Anna'sMommy's Blog
  • Skylark's Oops
  • Jehovah witnesses
  • Celiac in Seattle's Blog
  • March On
  • honeybeez's Blog
  • The Liberated Kitchen, redux
  • onceandagain's Blog
  • JoyfulM's Blog
  • keepingmybabysafe's Blog
  • To beer, with love...
  • nana b's Blog
  • kookooto's Blog
  • SunnyJ's Blog
  • Mia'smommy's Blog
  • Amanda's Blog
  • jldurrani's Blog
  • Why choosing Medical bracelets for women online is the true possible?
  • Carriefaith's Blog
  • acook's Blog
  • REAGS' Blog
  • gfreegirl0125's Blog
  • Gluten Free Recipes - Blog
  • avlocken's Blog
  • Thiamine Thiamine Thiamine
  • wilbragirl's Blog
  • Gluten and Maize-Free (gluten-free-MF)
  • Elimination Diet Challenge
  • DJ 14150
  • mnsny's Blog
  • Linda03's Blog
  • GFinDC's Blog
  • Kim UPST NY's Blog
  • cmc's Blog
  • blog comppergastta1986
  • JesikaBeth's Blog
  • Melissa
  • G-Free's Blog
  • miloandotis' Blog
  • Confessions of a Celiac
  • Know the significance of clean engine oil
  • bobhayes1's Blog
  • Robinbird's Blog
  • skurtz's Blog
  • Olivia's Blog
  • Jazzdncr222's Blog
  • Lemonade's Blog
  • k8k's Blog
  • celiaccoach&triathlete's Blog
  • Gluten Free Goodies
  • cherbourgbakes.blogspot.com
  • snow dogs' Blog
  • Rikki Tikki's Blog
  • lthurman1979's Blog
  • Sprue that :)'s Blog
  • twinkletoes' Blog
  • Ranking the best gluten free pizzas
  • Gluten Free Product
  • Wildcat Golfer's Blog
  • Becci's Blog
  • sillyker0nian's Blog
  • txplowgirl's Blog
  • Gluten Free Bread Blog
  • babygoose78's Blog
  • G-freegal12's Blog
  • kelcat's Blog
  • Heavy duty 0verhead crane
  • beckyk's Blog
  • pchick's Blog
  • NOT-IN-2gluten's Blog
  • PeachPie's Blog
  • Johny
  • Breezy32600's Blog
  • Edgymama's Gluten Free Journey
  • Geoff
  • audra's Blog
  • mfrklr's Blog
  • 2 chicks
  • I Need Help With Bread
  • the strong one has returned!
  • sabrina_B_Celiac's Blog
  • Gluten Free Pioneer's Blog
  • Theanine.
  • The Search of Hay
  • Vanessa
  • racecar16's Blog
  • JCH13's Blog
  • b&kmom's Blog
  • Gluten Free Foodies
  • NanaRobin's Blog
  • mdrumr8030's Blog
  • Sharon LaCouture's Blog
  • Zinc, Magnesium, and Selenium
  • sao155's Blog
  • Tabasco's Blog
  • Amanda Smith
  • mmc's Blog
  • xphile1121's Blog
  • golden exch
  • kerrih's Blog
  • jleb's Blog
  • RUGR8FUL's Blog
  • Brynja's Grain Free Kitchen
  • schneides123's Blog
  • Greenville, SC Gluten-Free Blog
  • ramiaha's Blog
  • Kathy P's Blogs
  • rock on!'s Blog
  • Carri Ninja's Blog
  • jerseygirl221's Blog
  • Pkhaselton's Blog
  • Hyperceliac Blog
  • abbiekir's Blog
  • Lasister's Thoughts
  • bashalove's Blog
  • Steph1's Blog
  • Etboces
  • Rantings of Tiffany
  • GlutenWrangler's Blog
  • kalie's Blog
  • Mommy Of A Gluten Free Child
  • ready2go's Blog
  • Maureen
  • Floridian's Blog
  • Bobbie41972's Blog
  • Everyday Victories
  • Intolerance issue? Helpppp!
  • Feisty
  • In the Beginning...
  • Cheri46's Blog
  • Acne after going gluten free
  • sissSTL's Blog
  • Elizabeth19's Blog
  • LindseyR's Blog
  • sue wiesbrook's Blog
  • I'm Hungry's Blog
  • badcasper's Blog
  • M L Graham's Blog
  • Wolicki's Blog
  • katiesalmons' Blog
  • CBC and celiac
  • Kaycee's Blog
  • wheatisbad's Blog
  • beamishmom's Blog
  • Celiac Ninja's Blog
  • scarlett54's Blog
  • GloriaZ's Blog
  • Holly F's Blog
  • Jackie's Blog
  • lbradley's Blog
  • TheSandWitch's Blog
  • Ginger Sturm's Blog
  • The Struggle is Real
  • whataboutmary's Blog
  • JABBER's Blog
  • morningstar38's Blog
  • Musings of a Celiac
  • Celiacchef's Blog
  • healthygirl's Blog
  • allybaby's Blog
  • MGrinter's Blog
  • LookingforAnswers15's Blog
  • Lis
  • Alilbratty's Blog
  • 3sisters' Blog
  • MGrinter's Blog
  • Amanda
  • felise's Blog
  • rochesterlynn's Blog
  • mle_ii's Blog
  • GlamourGetaways' Blog
  • greendog's Blog
  • Tabz's Blog
  • Smiller's Blog
  • my vent
  • newby to celiac?'s Blog
  • siren's Blog
  • myraljo's Blog
  • Relieved and confused
  • carb bingeing
  • scottish's Blog
  • maggiemay832's Blog
  • Cristina Barbara
  • ~~~AnnaBelle~~~'s Blog
  • nikky's Blog
  • Suzy-Q's Blog
  • mfarrell's Blog
  • Kat-Kat's Blog
  • Kelcie's Blog
  • cyoshimit's Blog
  • pasqualeb's Blog
  • My girlfriend has celiacs and she refuses to see a doctor
  • Ki-Ki29's Blog
  • mailmanrol's Blog
  • Sal Gal
  • WildBillCODY's Blog
  • Ann Messenger
  • aprilz's Blog
  • the gluten-free guy
  • gluten-free-wifey's Blog
  • Lynda MEADOWS's Blog
  • mellajane's Blog
  • Jaded's Celiac adventures in a non-celiac world.
  • booboobelly18's Blog
  • Dope show
  • Classic Celiac Blog
  • Keishalei's Blog
  • Bada
  • Sherry's blurbs
  • addict697's Blog
  • MIchael530btr's Blog
  • Shawn C
  • antono's Blog
  • Undiagnosed
  • little_d's Blog
  • Gluten, dairy, pineapple
  • The Fat (Celiac) Lady Sings
  • Periomike
  • Sue Mc's Blog
  • BloatusMaximus' Blog
  • It's just one cookie!
  • Kimmy
  • jacobsmom44's Blog
  • mjhere's Blog
  • tlipasek's Blog
  • You're Prescribing Me WHAT!?!
  • Kimmy
  • nybbles's Blog
  • Karla T.'s Blog
  • Young and dealing with celiacs
  • Celiac.com Podcast Edition
  • LCcrisp's Blog
  • ghfphd's allergy blog
  • https://www.bendglutenfree.com/
  • Costume's and GF Life
  • mjhere69's Blog
  • dedeadge's Blog
  • CeliacChoplin
  • Ravenworks' Blog
  • ahubbard83's Blog
  • celiac<3'sme!'s Blog
  • William Parsons
  • Gluten Free Breeze (formerly Brendygirl) Blog
  • Ivanna44's Blog
  • Daily Life and Compromising
  • Vonnie Mostat
  • Aly'smom's Blog
  • ar8's Blog
  • farid's Blog
  • Sandra Lee's Blog
  • Demertitis hepaformis no Celac
  • Vonnie Mostat, R.N.
  • beetle's Blog
  • Sandra Lee's Blog
  • carlyng4's Blog
  • totalallergyman's Blog
  • Kim
  • Vhips
  • twinsmom's Blog
  • Newbyliz's Blog
  • collgwg's Blog
  • Living in the Gluten Free World
  • lisajs38's Blog
  • Mary07's Blog
  • Treg immune celsl, short chain fatty acids, gut bacteria etc.
  • questions
  • A Blog by Yvonne (Vonnie) Mostat, RN
  • ROBIN
  • covsooze's Blog
  • HeartMagic's Blog
  • electromobileplace's Blog
  • Adventures of a Gluten Free Mom
  • Fiona S
  • bluff wallace's Blog
  • sweetbroadway's Blog
  • happybingf's Blog
  • Carla
  • jaru24's Blog
  • AngelaMH's Blog
  • collgwg's Blog
  • blueangel68's Blog
  • SimplyGF Blog
  • Jim L Christie
  • Debbie65's Blog
  • Alcohol, jaundice, and celiac
  • kmh6leh's Blog
  • Gluten Free Mastery
  • james
  • danandbetty1's Blog
  • Feline's Blog
  • Linda Atkinson
  • Auntie Lur: The Blog of a Young Girl
  • KathyNapoleone's Blog
  • Gluten Free and Specialty Diet Recipes
  • Why are people ignoring Celiac Disease, and not understanding how serious it actually is?
  • miasuziegirl's Blog
  • KikiUSA's Blog
  • Amyy's Blog
  • Pete Dixon
  • abigail's Blog
  • CHA's Blog
  • Eczema or Celiac Mom?'s Blog
  • Thoughts
  • International Conference on Gastroenterology
  • Deedle's Blog
  • krackers' Blog
  • cliniclfortin's Blog
  • Mike Menkes' Blog
  • Juanita's Blog
  • BARB OTTUM
  • holman's Blog
  • It's EVERYWHERE!
  • life's Blog
  • writer ann's Blog
  • Ally7's Blog
  • Gluten Busters: Gluten-Free Product Alerts by Celiac.com
  • K Espinoza
  • klc's Blog
  • Pizza&beer's Blog
  • CDiseaseMom's Blog
  • sidinator's Blog
  • Dr Rodney Ford's Blog
  • How and where is it safe to buy cryptocurrency?
  • lucedith's Blog
  • Random Thoughts
  • Kate
  • twin#1's Blog
  • myadrienne's Blog
  • Nampa-Boise Idaho
  • Ursa Major's Blog
  • bakingbarb's Blog
  • Does Celiac Cause Sensitivites To Rx's?
  • delana6303's Blog
  • psychologygrl25's Blog
  • Alcohol and Celiac Disease
  • How do we get it???
  • cooliactic_BOOM's Blog
  • GREAT GF eating in Toronto
  • Gluten-free Food Recommendations!
  • YAY! READ THIS!!
  • BROW-FREE DIET BLOG
  • carib168's Blog
  • A Healing Kitchen
  • Shawn s
  • AZ Gal's Blog
  • mom1's Blog
  • The Beginning - The Diagnosis
  • PeweeValleyKY's Blog
  • solange's Blog
  • Cate K's Blog
  • Layered Vegetable Baked Pasta (gluten-free Vegetarian Lasagna)
  • Gluten Free Teen by Ava
  • mtdawber's Blog
  • sweeet_pea's Blog
  • DCE's Blog
  • Infertility and Celiac Disease
  • What to do in the Mekong Delta in 1 Day?
  • glutenfreenew's Blog
  • Living in the Garden of Eden
  • toddzgrrl02's Blog
  • redface's Blog
  • Gluten Free High Protein
  • Ari
  • Great Harvest Chattanooga's Blog
  • CeliBelli's Blog
  • Aboluk's Blog
  • redface's Blog
  • Being in Control of Your Gluten-Free Diet on a Cruise Ship
  • jayshunee's Blog
  • lilactorgirl's Blog
  • Yummy or Yucky Gluten-Free Foods
  • Electra's Blog
  • Cocerned husband's Blog
  • lilactorgirl's Blog
  • A Little History - My Celiac Disease Diagnosis
  • How to line my stomach
  • sewfunky's Blog
  • Oscar's Blog
  • Chey's Blog
  • The Fun of Gluten-free Breastfeeding
  • Dawnie's Blog
  • Sneaky gluten free goodness!
  • Chicago cubs shirts- A perfect way of showing love towards the baseball team!
  • Granny Garbonzo's Blog
  • GFzinks09's Blog
  • How do I get the Celiac.com podcast on my mp3 player?
  • quantumsugar's Blog
  • Littlebit's Blog
  • Kimberly's Blog
  • Dayz's Blog
  • Swimming Breadcrumbs and Other Issues
  • Helen Burdass
  • celiacsupportnancy's Blog
  • Life of an Aggie Celiac
  • kyleandjra.jacobson's Blog
  • Hey! I'm Not "Allergic" to Wheat!
  • FoOdFaNaTic's Blog
  • Wendy Cohan, RN's Gluten-Free and Dairy-Free Cooking Classes
  • Lora Derry
  • Dr. Joel Goldman's Blog
  • The Ultimate Irony
  • Lora Derry
  • ACK514's Blog
  • katinagj's Blog
  • What Goes On, Goes In (Gluten in Skin Care Products)
  • What’s new in hydraulic fittings?
  • cannona3's Blog
  • citykatmm's Blog
  • Adventures in Gluten-Free Toddling
  • tahenderson67's Blog
  • The Dinner Party Drama—Two Guidelines to Assure a Pleasant Gluten-Free Experience
  • What’s new in hydraulic fittings?
  • sparkybear's Blog
  • justbikeit77's Blog
  • To "App" or Not to "App": The Use of Gluten Free Product List Computer Applications
  • Onangwatgo
  • Raine's Blog
  • lalla's Blog
  • To die for Cookie Crumb Gluten-Free Pie Crust
  • DeeTee33's Blog
  • http://glutenfreegroove.com/blog/
  • David2055's Blog
  • Gluten-Free at the Fancy Food Show in San Francisco
  • Kup wysokiej jakości paszporty, prawa jazdy, dowody osobiste
  • Janie's Blog
  • Managing Hives & Gluten Allergies
  • Bogaert's Blog
  • Janie's Blog
  • RaeD's Blog
  • Dizzying Disclaimers!
  • Dream Catcher's Blog
  • PinkZebra's Blog
  • Hibachi Food and Hidden Gluten Hazards (How to Celebrate Gluten-Free)
  • jktenner's Blog
  • OhSoTired's Blog
  • PinkZebra's Blog
  • gluten-free Lover's Blog
  • Gluen Free Health Australia
  • Melissamb21's Blog
  • Andy C's Blog
  • halabackgirl9129's Blog
  • Liam Edwards' Blog
  • Celiac Disease in Africa?
  • Suz's Blog
  • Gluten-Free Fast Food
  • Eldene Goosen
  • mis_chiff's Blog
  • gatakat's Blog
  • macocha's Blog
  • Newly Diagnosed Celiacs Needed for Study in Chicago
  • Elaine Anne
  • Poor Baby's Blog
  • the loonie celiac's Blog
  • jenlex's Blog
  • Sex Drive/Testosterone can be Depleted by Certain Foods
  • Sharon
  • samantha79's Blog
  • 21 Months into the Gluten-free Diet
  • WashingtonLady's Blog-a-log
  • James S. Reid's Blog
  • Living with a Gluten-Free Husband
  • Diane King
  • runner girl's Blog
  • kp3972's Blog
  • ellie_lynn's Blog
  • trayne91's Blog
  • Gluten-free Lipstick!
  • Debado
  • Nonna2's Blog
  • Schar Chocolate Hazelnut Bar (Gluten-Free)
  • Diane
  • pnltbox27's Blog
  • Live2BWell's Blog
  • melissajohnson's Blog
  • nvsmom's Blog
  • Diagnosed with Celiac Disease and Still Sick
  • Coming out having gluten intolerance and celiac disease
  • snowcoveredheart's Blog
  • Gluten Free Nurse
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  1. Celiac.com 04/28/2020 - People who suffer from small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) usually have poor outcomes, and face limited treatment options. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway blockade is an effective treatment in many micro-satellite instability-high (MSI-H) solid tumors. A team of researchers recently set out to investigate PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in non-hereditary, non-ampullary SBAs, associated with celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or sporadic, recruited through the Small Bowel Cancer Italian Consortium. The researchers assessed PD-L1 and PD-1 by immunohistochemistry in a series of 121 surgically resected SBAs, including 34 celiac disease-SBAs, 49 CrD-SBAs, and 38 sporadic SBAs. They found that expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 correlated with a number of clinico-pathological factors, such as the origin, microsatellite instability status, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. The combined positive score (CPS) showed PD-L1 rates of 26% in the whole cohort of SBAs, with 35% in both celiac disease-SBAs and CrD-SBAs, compared with just 5% in sporadic SBAs. Combined positive scores equal to or greater than 1 SBAs were found in 41% of MSI-H cases (41%), compared with just 18% of non-MSI-H cases; however, the team also found 15 CPS equal to or greater than 1 micro-satellite stable SBAs. CPS ≥ 1 SBAs showed higher TIL and PD-1+ immune cell density, more often medullary histotype, as well as a better outcome in comparison with CPS < 1 cases. This study shows higher rates of PD-L1+ in both celiac disease-SBAs and CrD-SBAs compared with sporadic SBAs. Moreover, the discovery of a subset of PD-L1+ micro-satellite stable SBAs suggests that it will be beneficial to discover more biomarkers to immune checkpoint inhibitor response, along with MSI-H. Read more in Modern Pathology (2020) The research team included Paolo Giuffrida and Giovanni Arpa, Federica Grillo, Catherine Klersy, Gianluca Sampietro, Sandro Ardizzone, Paolo Fociani, Roberto Fiocca, Giovanni Latella, Fausto Sessa, Antonietta D’Errico, Deborah Malvi, Claudia Mescoli, Massimo Rugge, Gabriella Nesi, Stefano Ferrero, Daniela Furlan, Gilberto Poggioli, Fernando Rizzello, Maria C. Macciomei, Donatella Santini, Umberto Volta, Roberto De Giorgio, Giacomo Caio, Antonio Calabrò, Carolina Ciacci, Maria D’Armiento, Aroldo Rizzo, Gaspare Solina, Michele Martino, Francesco Tonelli, Vincenzo Villanacci, Renato Cannizzaro, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Ada M. Florena, Livia Biancone, Giovanni Monteleone, Roberto Caronna, Antonio Ciardi, Luca Elli, Flavio Caprioli, Maurizio Vecchi, Renata D’Incà, Fabiana Zingone, Anna D’Odorico, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Barbara Oreggia, Luca Reggiani Bonetti, Marco Astegiano, Elena Biletta, Laura Cantoro, Antonino G. Giannone, Augusto Orlandi, Claudio Papi, Vittorio Perfetti, Erica Quaquarini, Giancarlo Sandri, Marco Silano, Paolo Usai, Valeria Barresi, Rachele Ciccocioppo, Ombretta Luinetti, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alessandra Viglio, Marco Paulli, Gino R. Corazza, Enrico Solcia, Alessandro Vanoli & Antonio Di Sabatino. The researchers are variously affiliated with the Anatomic Pathology ASL Biella, Biella, Italy; the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the Department of Biopathology and Image Diagnostics, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology, University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the Department of Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy; the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; the Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; the Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; the Department of Surgery, General Surgery II, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the Department of Radiological, Oncological, Pathological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; the; the Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; the Gastroenterology Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; the Gastroenterology Unit, USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy; the Pathologic Anatomy Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; the General Surgery Unit, Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; the Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; the General and Specialistic Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy; the Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, AOUI Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the IBD Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy; the Internal Medicine Unit, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, ASST-Pavia, Varzi, Italy Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS ICS Maugeri and Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; the Oncology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the Clinical Nutrition Unit, Sant’Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy; the Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; the Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Anatomical Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy; the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; the Pathology Unit of the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy; the Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; the Pathology Unit of the Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa and San Martino/IST University Hospital, Genoa, Italy; the Biometry and Statistics Service, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; the Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant’Orsola—Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; the Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy; the Pathologic Anatomy Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; the Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; the Pathology Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; the Public Health Department at Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; the Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; the Units of Pathology, Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy; the Units of General Surgery, Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy; the Unit of IBD Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy; the Gastroenterology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy; the Pathology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy; and the Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

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  3. Celiac.com 08/29/2018 - Up to one in twelve patients with gluten sensitivity develops neurological symptoms such as ataxia, dementia, seizures or peripheral neuropathy, though the reasons for this are still poorly understood. As a means of better understanding the immunological mechanisms behind this reality, a team of researchers recently reported the case of a 68‐year‐old male patient suffering from progressive ataxia and dementia associated with chronic diarrhea, and both elevated IgG and IgA antigliadin‐antibodies. The research team included Michel Mittelbronn, Jens Schittenhelm, Gellert Bakos, Rob A. De Vos, Manfred Wehrmann, Richard Meyermann, and Katrin Bürk. They are variously affiliated with the Institute of Brain Research at the University of Tübingen, and the Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, the Neurological Institute/Edinger Institute, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, the Department of Pathology, St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, Germany, and with the Laboratory for Pathology, Enschede, the Netherlands. Autopsy indicated that frequent argyrophilic glial and neuronal inclusions within the basal nucleus of Meynert were the structural markers of the cognitive decline. The patient showed substantial neuronal loss in the cerebellar cortex and the inferior olives, along with infiltrating CD8+/perforin+/granzyme B+ cells, and reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. In patients with gluten sensitivity and neurological disease, it is likely that CD8+ cytotoxic T and NK cells function as effector cells that trigger neuronal cell death, and thus might play some role in triggering cerebellar symptoms in gluten ataxia cases. The team concludes by noting that an absence of B‐ or plasma cells, along with multiple CD8+, granzyme B and perforin expressing cells in ataxia‐associated brain areas, indicates pronounced cytotoxic effects in neuro-pathogenesis of gluten sensitivity. This is one of the first reports to indicate that CD8+, perforin+, and granzyme B+ effector cells infiltrate the cerebellum and inferior olives in cases of gluten ataxia. Read more in: Neuropathology
  4. Celiac.com 12/22/2016 - The nature of gut intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) lacking antigen receptors remains controversial. A team of researchers recently set out to better understand the mechanisms by which innate intraepithelial lymphocytes develop in the intestine and become cancerous in celiac disease patients. The research team included J Ettersperger, N Montcuquet, G Malamut, N Guegan, S Lopez-Lastra, S Gayraud, C Reimann, E Vidal, N Cagnard, P Villarese, I Andre-Schmutz, R Gomes Domingues, C Godinho-Silva, H Veiga-Fernandes, L Lhermitte, V Asnafi, E Macintyre, C Cellier, K Beldjord, JP Di Santo, N Cerf-Bensussan, and B Meresse. They are variously affiliated with the INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Institut Imagine; Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis; Institut Necker-Enfants-Malades, INSERM UMR1151 and, Biological Hematology, AP-HP Necker-Enfants-Malades; the Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Institut Imagine in Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U 668, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes Bioinformatic Platform, 75015 Paris, France; and with the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa in Lisbon, Portugal. The team was able to show, in humans and in mice, innate intestinal IELs expressing intracellular CD3 (iCD3(+)) differentiate along an Id2 transcription factor (TF)-independent pathway in response to TF NOTCH1, interleukin-15 (IL-15), and Granzyme B signals. In NOTCH1-activated human hematopoietic precursors, IL-15 induced Granzyme B, which cleaved NOTCH1 into a peptide lacking transcriptional activity. As a result, NOTCH1 target genes necessary for T cell differentiation were silenced, and precursors were reprogrammed into innate cells with T cell marks, including intracellular CD3 and T cell rearrangements. In the intraepithelial lymphoma complicating celiac disease, iCD3(+) innate IELs acquired gain-of-function mutations in Janus kinase 1 or Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which enhanced their response to IL-15. The research team observed and described gut T cell-like innate IELs, decoded their pathway of change, and showed their malignant transformation in celiac disease. This study offers an exciting glimpse into the hard work being done in the far corners of celiac disease and cancer research. Source: Immunity. 2016 Sep 20;45(3):610-25. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.018. Epub 2016 Sep 6.
  5. Celiac.com 10/25/2012 - Abnormal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are the main feature of refractory celiac disease type II (RCDII). However, researchers still don't know exactly how these abnormal IELs originate. A pair of researchers recently commented on efforts to learn how these abnormal IELs might come about. The pair were Victor F. Zevallos, and Detlef Schuppan, of the center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine I at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, in Mainz, Germany. Their commentary focuses on efforts by a separate research team, Schmitz, et al., which had already used a broad spectrum of cell specific markers, RNA array and immunological techniques, to explore abnormal IEL cell lines from four RCDII patients, and compare them with IELs from the fetal intestine, the intestine of children and adults and the thymus. IELs are highly varied lymphocytes cells with innate and adaptive features that live in the small and large intestine. IELs play an important role in maintaining gut tolerance to common food antigens versus defense against pathogens. A number of nutritional factors influence the development and spread of IELs, especially vitamins and their active metabolites, such as retinoic acid, and phytochemicals such as ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor from cruciferous vegetables. However, when IELs activate and expand uncontrollably in response to chronic inflammatory conditions in the gut, they trigger mucosal damage, which can lead to celiac disease, and in some cases, to malignant cancers. Up to 5% of people with celiac disease, especially those who are over fifty years old when diagnosed, continue to suffer from clinical symptoms and villous atrophy even when following a gluten-free diet. After excluding ongoing gluten consumption and other potential underlying diseases, all four patients studied by Schmitz could be diagnosed with RCD, which is classically classified as type I or type II, based on the histological co-expression of CD3 and CD8 in RCDI, or absence of such co-expression in RCDII. Read the entire report in Gut. Source: Gut doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303030
  6. Celiac.com 05/19/2010 - Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma is a serious complication of celiac disease, and a major cause of mortality in untreated celiac disease. One possible trigger for Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma development is chronic exposure of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) to strong anti-apoptotic signals, that is, signals that interfere in the normal mortality of the IEL cells. These signals are triggered by IL-15, a cytokine that is over-expressed in the enterocytes of people with celiac disease. However, researchers have not yet fully mapped the signaling pathway by which IL-15 transmits these anti-apoptotic signals. Researchers consider type II refractory celiac disease (RCDII) to be a middle step between celiac disease and enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma. Eliminating abnormal IELs at the RCDII stage would likely block EATL development. So far, though, scientists have not found successful immunosuppressive and/or chemotherapeutic approaches able to accomplish this, and RCDII outcomes remain very poor. A team of researchers recently set out to map the IL-15–driven survival pathway in human IELs, and to determine whether IL-15 triggered pathway in human intraepithelial lymphocytes represents a possible new target in type II refractory celiac disease and enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma. The research team was made up of Georgia Malamut, Raja El Machhour, Nicolas Montcuquet, Séverine Martin-Lannerée, Isabelle Dusanter-Fourt, Virginie Verkarre, Jean-Jacques Mention, Gabriel Rahmi, Hiroshi Kiyono, Eric A. Butz, Nicole Brousse, Christophe Cellier, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan, and Bertrand Meresse. The are variously affiliated with INSERM U989, the Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, the Department of Gastroenterology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, the Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), INSERM U1016, the Department of Pathology, AP-HP, of the Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades in Paris, with the Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo in Japan, and the Inflammation Department of AMGEN Inc., in Seattle, Washington, USA. Their current findings reveal that the survival signals IL-15 directs to freshly isolated human IELs, and to human IEL cell lines derived from celiac disease patients with type II refractory celiac disease, depend on anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL. The signals require IL-15Rβ, Jak3, and STAT5 for proper function, but functioned independently of PI3K, ERK, and STAT3. In support of these findings, the team recorded elevated levels of Bcl-xL, phospho-Jak3, and phospho-STAT5 in IELs from patients with active celiac disease and RCDII. Moreover, by incubating patient duodenal biopsies with a fully humanized human IL-15–specific Ab, the team effectively blocked Jak3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Also, treatment with IL-15–specific Ab caused IEL cell mortality, and wiped out the massive IEL build-up in mice over-expressing human IL-15 in their gut epithelium. The study marks the first successful mapping of the IL-15–driven survival pathway in human IELs, and demonstrates that IL-15 and its downstream effectors are meaningful therapeutic targets in RCDII. These findings will likely help to pave the way for the development of successful immunosuppressive and/or chemotherapeutic treatments that destroy abnormal IELs at the RCDII stage and help to block EATL development, improving outcomes for RCDII patients. Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation doi:10.1172/JCI41344

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  8. Celiac.com 08/29/2007 - A study that appeared in the August issue of Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, found that celiac disease and small intestinal bacterial growth both show increased levels of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), especially gammadelta+ IELs. A sharp increase in gammadelta+ IELs has been noted in people with celiac disease, but little is known about the role of this particular class of IELs in other intestinal pathologies. A team of researchers led by J.M. Remes-Troche set out to assess the levels of IEls, especially of gammadelta+, in the duodenal mucosa biopsies from individuals w/ celiac disease and to compare them with those of patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study team looked at 12 individuals with untreated celiac disease, 8 patients with SIBO, and 10 patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS. All patients were given an upper-endoscopy for mucosal biopsy and jejunal aspirate. Intraepithelial cells were isolated from 2 small bowel biopsies, and labeled with monoclonal antibodies CD103-PE (phycoerythrin), CD3-FITC (fluoresecein isothio-cynate), celiac disease-7R-PE, CD45RO-APC (allophycocyanin), and TcR gammadelta-FITC. Researchers conducted flow cytometry analysis using a standard FACScan. Total IEL levels and subsequent levels were catalogued as percentages as follows: 16.7 +/- 6% for IBS patients; 25.7 +/- 17% for SIBO patients; and 26 +/- +/- 13% in celiac patients (P=0.2). Patients with SIBO & celiac disease showed significantly higher percentages of gammadelta+ IELs (14.6 +/- 8% and 15.7 +/- 13%) compared to IBS patients (4.1 +/- 2.5%, P<0.05). The results of the study indicate that gammadelta+ IELs might play a crucial role against intestinal bacterial infections. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2007 Aug;41(7):671-676 health writer who lives in San Francisco and is a frequent author of articles for Celiac.com.
  9. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004 Feb; 38(2): 177-180 Celiac.com 02/13/2004 - It has been determined that children with celiac disease exhibit an increased level of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes, which may be a major factor in their higher risk of cancer over time. Now, a study by British and Croatian researchers has found that adherence to a gluten-free diet can actually decrease the number of chromosome aberrations in these children. The researchers compared chromosome aberrations in 17 children with celiac disease--before going gluten-free, then after a minimum 24 month gluten-free diet--and compared these results with that of 15 healthy children. They found that 12 of the 15 celiacs strictly followed the gluten-free diet, and these children had a significantly lower number of chromosome aberrations when compared with both the control group and the other three celiac children who did not follow the diet. The researchers conclude: "The frequency of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with celiac disease decreased significantly on a gluten-free diet. We conclude that genomic instability is a secondary phenomenon, possibly caused by chronic intestinal inflammation."
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