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Showing results for tags 'non-alcoholic'.
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Celiac.com 06/22/2021 - People with celiac disease have a higher risk for developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other related metabolic disorders, especially if they are not on a gluten-free diet. A team of researchers recently set out to explore the prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in celiac patients at the time of celiac diagnosis and after 2 years of GFD; and to assess the role of PNPLA3 rs738409 in the development of NAFLD and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in the celiac population. Recently, a new category of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed to move beyond the constraints of the NAFLD definition. The research team included Antonio Rispo; Nicola Imperatore; Maria Guarino; Raffaella Tortora; Anna Alisi; Valentina Cossiga; Anna Testa; Simona Ricciolino; Andrea Fiorentino; and Filomena Morisco. They are variously affiliated with the Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; the Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, AORN Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy; the Hepatology Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy; and the Research Unit of Molecular Genetics and Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. For the study, the team retrospectively enrolled all newly diagnosed celiac patients who underwent clinical, laboratory and ultrasonography investigations, both at diagnosis and at a two year follow-up. They also conducted a PNPLA3 rs738409 genotyping assay. They found that 65 of 221 newly diagnosed celiac patients, nearly 30%, presented NAFLD upon celiac diagnosis, while 32 of 221 met the criteria for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. There were no major differences between NAFLD and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, though 3 out of 4 metabolic-associated fatty liver disease patients had higher rates of insulin resistance (IR) compared with 2 out of 5 for NAFLD patients. The study shows that the newly established metabolic-associated fatty liver disease definition better describes the metabolic changes common when celiacs adopt a gluten-free diet. The new classification may help to spot patients at risk of worse metabolic outcomes, who will likely benefit from a close multidisciplinary approach for their multi-systemic disease. Keep an eye on celiac.com for more stories on celiac disease and metabolic-associated fatty liver. Read more in Liver International. 2021;41(4):788-798. -
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Celiac.com 06/29/2015 - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common cause of chronic liver disease. There's good data showing that celiac disease changes intestinal permeability, and that treatment with a gluten-free diet often causes weight gain, but so far there is scant documentation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with celiac disease. A team of researchers recently set out to assess increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease following diagnosis of celiac disease. The research team include Norelle R. Reilly, Benjamin Lebwohl, Rolf Hultcrantz, Peter H.R. Green, and Jonas F. Ludvigsson. They are affiliated with the Department Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and the Department of Pediatrics at Örebro University Hospital, Örebro University in Örebro, Sweden. The team assessed the for risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed from 1997 to 2009 in 26,816 individuals with celiac disease to 130,051 matched reference individuals. The team excluded patients with any liver disease prior to celiac disease. They also excluded individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol-related disorder to minimize misclassification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. They used Cox regression estimated hazard ratios for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Their results showed that over 246,559 person-years of follow-up, 53 individuals with celiac disease had a diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (21/100,000 person-years). In comparison, in the reference group showed 85 individuals diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during 1,488,413 person-years (6/100,000 person-years). This corresponded to a hazard ratio of 2.8 in the celiac group (95% CI), with the highest risk estimates of 4.6 seen in children (95% CI). The risk increase in the first year after celiac disease diagnosis was 13.3 (95% CI), but remained significantly elevated at 2.5 even beyond 15 years after celiac diagnosis of celiac disease (95% CI). Individuals with celiac disease do have an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to the general population. Excess risks were highest in the first year after celiac disease diagnosis, but continued at least 15 years after celiac diagnosis. This much more comprehensive study provides much clearer and convincing data than any of the previous studies, and will likely serve as a baseline that clinicians have been lacking to this point. Source: Journal of Hepatology, June 2015Volume 62, Issue 6, Pages 1405–1411. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.013 -
Celiac.com 07/03/2009 - A new study provides demonstrates that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased intestinal permeability are both associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have suggested that bacteria from the intestine might play a role in NAFLD, which is the hepatic component of the Metabolic Syndrome. NAFLD can worsen to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and some experts have wondered if this progression might be promoted by liver exposure to gut bacteria. A team of researchers, led by Antonio Grieco of Rome, set out to answer this question by investigating gut permeability in patients with NAFLD and comparing the results to patients with untreated celiac disease and known susceptibility to this condition, and with healthy volunteers. The research team included Luca Miele, Venanzio Valenza, Giuseppe La Torre, Massimo Montalto, Giovanni Cammarota, Riccardo Ricci, Roberta Masciana, Alessandra Forgione, Maria Gabrieli, Germano Perotti, Fabio Vecchio, Gian Ludovico Rapaccini, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Christopher Day, and Antonio Grieco. They studied 35 patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD, 27 with celiac disease and 24 healthy volunteers. For each participant, the research team checked levels of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth using a glucose breath test. They evaluated intestinal permeability by examining urinary excretion of Cr-EDTA. They then assessed the integrity of tight junctions within the gut via duodenal biopsy. "The main findings of this study are that both intestinal permeability and the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth are increased in patients with NAFLD and correlate with the severity of steatosis," the authors report. "Disruption of tight junction integrity may explain the increased permeability in these patients." The authors hypothesize that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and/or the associated increase in gut permeability may cause steatosis. This hypothesis is supported by studies on mice, and by reports that probiotics can improve steatosis resulting from a high fat diet. One important note was that the study showed no connection between either small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or intestinal permeability and steatohepatitis or fibrosis, which suggests gut bacteria do not play a role in the transformation of NAFLD to more serious liver disease. "In conclusion," the authors write, "we have demonstrated that NAFLD is associated with increased intestinal permeability and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and that these factors are associated with the severity of hepatic steatosis." More study is needed to nail down the exact causal relationship, which, once understood, could help scientists develop new therapies for NAFLD that incorporate the microbiome of the gut.'' According to colleagues Elisabetta Bugianesi and Ester Vanni of the University of Turin, "The study...raises the possibility that gut microbiota and intestine permeability are important mediators of diet-induced metabolic disturbances in NAFLD." Bugianesi and Vanni add that lifestyle-focused therapy would likely present the best treatment for NAFLD, but suggest that influencing gut flora by antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics might help offset the effects of unbalanced diets on metabolic conditions. Article: "Increased Intestinal Permeability and Tight Junction Alterations in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)." Editorial: "The Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Another Pathway to Insulin Resistance?" Bugianesi, Elisabetta; Vanni, Ester. Hepatology; June 2009. Hepatology. 2009 Jun;49(6):1877-87.
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