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Showing results for tags 'reveals'.
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Celiac.com 01/01/2018 - A team of researchers recently set out to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of general cognitive ability ("g"), further enhanced by combining results with a large-scale GWAS of educational attainment. The research team included Max Lam, Joey W. Trampush, Jin Yu, Emma Knowles, Gail Davies, David C. Liewald, John M. Starr, Srdjan Djurovic, Ingrid Melle, Kjetil Sundet, Andrea Christoforou, Ivar Reinvang, Pamela DeRosse, Astri J. Lundervold, Vidar M. Steen, Thomas Espeseth, Katri Räikkönen, Elisabeth Widen, Aarno Palotie, Johan G. Eriksson, Ina Giegling, Bettina Konte, Panos Roussos, Stella Giakoumaki, Katherine E. Burdick, Antony Payton, William Ollier, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Deborah K. Attix, Anna C. Need, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Nikos C. Stefanis, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, Alex Hatzimanolis, Dan E. Arking, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Robert M. Bilder, Nelson A. Freimer, Tyrone D. Cannon, Edythe London, Russell A. Poldrack, Fred W. Sabb, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Matthew A. Scult, Dwight Dickinson, Richard E. Straub, Gary Donohoe, Derek Morris, Aiden Corvin, Michael Gill, Ahmad R. Hariri, Daniel R. Weinberger, Neil Pendleton, Panos Bitsios, Dan Rujescu, Jari Lahti, Stephanie Le Hellard, Matthew C. Keller, Ole A. Andreassen, Ian J. Deary, David C. Glahn, Anil K. Malhotra, and Todd Lencz. They are variously associated with the dozens of research facilities listed below. Their study provided a large-scale GWAS of cognitive performance, combined with GWAS of educational attainment; 70 independent genomic loci associated with individual differences in cognition. The study found that implicated genes suggest potential treatment targets for cognitive enhancement. The team also observed genetic overlap between cognitive ability and multiple health-related phenotypes. For their genome-wide association study (GWAS) of general cognitive ability ("g"), the team evaluated 107,207 subjects. They further enhanced their data pool by combining results with a large-scale GWAS of educational attainment. They also identified 70 independent genomic loci associated with general cognitive ability. Observing the outcomes, the team saw substantial enrichment for genes triggering Mendelian disorders with an intellectual disability phenotype. Analysis of competitive pathways pointed to neurogenesis and synaptic regulation, as well as the gene targets of two pharmacologic agents: cinnarizine, a T-type calcium channel blocker, and LY97241, a potassium channel inhibitor. According to the researchers: "we observed modest, yet nominally significant, inverse correlations between cognition and autoimmune diseases such as eczema and Crohn's disease, attaining Bonferroni significance for rheumatoid arthritis (rg for MTAG results = −0.2086; p = 1.60E−08). There was also a Bonferroni-significant positive genetic correlation with celiac disease (rg for MTAG results = 0.1922; p = 0.0001)." Full analysis of both the transcriptome and epigenome showed that the implicated loci were enriched for genes expressed across all brain regions; mostly in the cerebellum. Interestingly, only genes expressed in neurons were enriched, not those expressed in oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Lastly, the team observed genetic correlations between cognitive ability and various phenotypes, including psychiatric disorders, autoimmune disorders, longevity, and maternal age at first birth. Source: Cell.com. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.028 The research team members are variously associated with the following: Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Human Longevity Inc., Durham, NC, USA Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
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Celiac.com 06/15/2010 - A clinical team conducted a functional analysis of celiac risk loci, and found that SH2B3 offers protection against bacterial infection. The team included Alexandra Zhernakova, Clara C. Elbers, Bart Ferwerda, Jihane Romanos, Gosia Trynka, Patrick C. Dubois, Carolien G.F. de Kovel, Lude Franke, Marije Oosting, Donatella Barisani, Maria Teresa Bardella, the Finnish Celiac Disease Study Group, Leo A.B. Joosten, Paivi Saavalainen, David A. van Heel, Carlo Catassi, Mihai G. Netea, and Cisca Wijmenga. Celiac disease has a fairly high morbidity, yet it is prevalent in Western populations at rates of of 1%–2%. So far, scientists don't understand why the celiac disease phenotype is so common despite its obvious negative impact on human health. This is especially true when one considers that doctors only developed a gluten-free diet to treat celiac disease in the 1950's. The research team scientists hypothesize that the high prevalence of celiac disease might suggest that the process of natural selection favors genes that trigger celiac disease, and thus, that the gene may convey some evolutionary advantage to those who inherit them. The study group included 8,154 controls from four European populations, and 195 individuals from a North African population. By examining haplotype lengths using the integrated haplotype score (iHS) method, the team looked at selection signatures for ten confirmed celiac-associated loci in several genome-wide data sets. They found consistent indications of positive selection for celiac-associated derived alleles in three loci: IL12A, IL18RAP, and SH2B3. For the SH2B3 risk allele, they also found a variation in allele frequency distribution (Fst) between HapMapphase II populations. Functional investigation of the effect of the SH2B3 genotype in response to lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide showed that carriers of the SH2B3 rs3184504*A risk allele provided more robust triggering of the NOD2 recognition pathway. This suggests that SH2B3 plays a role in protection against bacteria infection, and it provides a possible explanation for the selective sweep on SH2B3, which occurred sometime between 1,200 and 1,700 years ago. Source: AJHG - 2010, 04 May. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.05.004
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Troncone R, Greco L, Mayer M, Mazzarella G, et. al. Gastroenterology, 1996; 111: 318-324 The final paragraph says: In conclusion, our data show that approximately half of the siblings of patients with celiac disease show signs of sensitization to gluten as they mount an inflammatory local response to rectal gluten challenge. The genetic background and the clinical meaning of such gluten sensitivity need to be established. Further studies, particularly at the jejunal level, are necessary before deciding if any action is to be taken in this subset of first-degree relatives.
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