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Showing results for tags 'vaccination'.
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Celiac.com 08/29/2022 - Rotavirus infection is a potential trigger for autoimmune diseases, and some studies have shown associations between rotavirus vaccination and autoimmune conditions, such as type 1 diabetes. There have also been a number of studies that show an association between celiac disease and childhood or infant rotavirus infection. But is there any association between the rotavirus vaccine and rates of celiac disease? A team of researchers recently set out to examine the association between rotavirus vaccination and celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis, both of which are associated with type 1 diabetes. The research team included Catherine Kim, Zhe Yin, Neil Kamdar & Grace J. Lee. They are variously affiliated with the Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; the Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. The team's retrospective cohort study used de-identified claims data to include more than 2.1 million eligible infants who were born between 2001 and 2018, and continuously enrolled from birth for at least 365 days. Nearly thirty percent of infants were born prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in 2006; thirty-two percent were eligible for the vaccine, but were not vaccinated; nearly ten percent received partial vaccination; while nearly thirty percent received full vaccination. The team found 1,000 cases of autoimmune thyroiditis, and nearly 1,400 cases of celiac disease. Compared to unvaccinated children born after 2006, children who were born prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in 2006 had lower risk of celiac disease. However, the risk for children who were partially vaccinated or fully vaccinated was similar to the unvaccinated children. Risk of autoimmune thyroiditis also corresponded to vaccination status. Based on the data, the team concludes that rotavirus vaccination has no effect on risk for celiac disease or autoimmune thyroiditis. Hopefully, this will alleviate any concerns about celiac disease or autoimmune thyroiditis and the rotavirus vaccine, and help parents to make informed decisions about vaccinating infants against rotavirus. Read more in Scientific Reports volume 12, Article number: 12941 (2022).
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Celiac.com 06/07/2013 - A number of studies have indicated that people with celiac disease have an inadequate response to hepatitis B vaccination. In an effort to better understand the issue, a team of researchers recently set out to assess hepatitis B vaccination response in relation to gluten exposure status in patients with celiac disease. The research team included F. Zingone, P. Capone, R. Tortora, A. Rispo, F. Morisco, N. Caporaso, N. Imperatore, G. De Stefano, P. Iovino, and C. Ciacci. They are affiliated with the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Salerno in Salerno, Italy. To measure the gluten exposure status at the time of vaccination, they compare three groups of patients, along with a control group. In all, the study included 163 celiac patients. Group A contained 57 patients exposed to gluten, including patients vaccinated as 12-year-old adolescents, for whom celiac disease diagnosis was established after vaccination. Group B contained 46 patients not exposed to gluten, including patients vaccinated as 12-year-old adolescents and on a gluten-free diet at the time of vaccination. Group C was composed of 60 infants, including those vaccinated at birth. Group D included 48 healthy, vaccinated, non-celiac subjects. The researchers then compared the response of celiac patients to hepatitis B vaccination with the response by healthy subjects. They found that 43.9% of patients in group A, 34.8% of patients in group B, 58.3% of patients in group C, and 8.3% of patients in group D showed inadequate response to hepatitis B immunization. Overall, group A versus group D, P less than 0.001; group B versus group D, P = 0.002; group C versus group D, P = 0.001, while they found no significant difference for group A versus group B and group A versus group C. This study suggests that gluten exposure does not influence the response to hepatitis B immunization, and that the human leukocyte antigen likely plays the main immunological role in poor responses to hepatitis B-vaccinated celiac patients. Source: Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 May;20(5):660-2. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00729-12. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
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Celiac.com 02/10/2012 - The HBV vaccine is usually effective against common hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with just 4-10% of vaccine recipients failing to respond to standard immunization. Some studies suggest that people with celiac disease may have high levels of resistance to the HBV vaccine, compared to the general population. A team of researchers recently took a look at the issue of HBV vaccine reliability in people with celiac disease. The study team included Mohammad Rostami Nejad, Kamran Rostami, and Mohammad Reza Zali. They are variously affiliated with the Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, and with Acute Medicine at Dudley Group of Hospital in Dudley, UK. Together, they reviewed data from previous studies. The ability to respond to recombinant HBV vaccine is associated with certain gene sites. At those sites, certain HLA haplotypes, such as B8, DR3, and DQ2 are common genetic markers among non-responders. Since HLA genotypes play an important role in unresponsiveness to the HBV vaccine, and since 90-95% of people with celiac disease have HLA-DQ2, celiac disease may be a factor in this failure to respond to the HBV vaccine. For one study, Ertekin et al., a research team gave HBV vaccinations, according to a standard immunization schedule, to 52 children with celiac disease, and another twenty matched for age and sex. The average age of the celiac disease patients was 10.7 ± 4 years (range, 4-18 years). Anti-HBs titers were positive in 32 (61.5%) patients and negative in 20 (38.5%) patients, while they were positive in 18 (90%) of the children in the control group (P < 0.05). The review team found statistically significant differences between negative anti-HBs titers, clinical presentation of celiac disease, and dietary compliance in patients with celiac disease (P < 0.05). In all, 32 of the 52 children with celiac disease responded favorably to HBV vaccination. This was a substantially lower percentage that the 18 of 20 control subjects responded (P < 0.05). Ertekin et al. concluded that a significantly higher percentage of children with celiac disease failed to respond to hepatitis B vaccination, as compared with the control group. They concluded that response to the HBV vaccine in children with celiac disease should be investigated, and a different immunization schedule should be developed for them. They suggested that celiac children who follow a gluten-free diet may have a better immune response to the HBV vaccine. The data fits with previous studies that confirm the findings that children with celiac disease fail to respond to the HBV vaccine at significantly higher rates than do healthy children. In fact, the researchers point out a similar study on adults, Noh et al., revealed that, of 23 adults with celiac disease who had completed a full course of HBV vaccination, 19 tested positive for HBsAb and 13 failed to acquire proper long-term immunity. Another study, by Stachowski et al., further cemented this connection between HLA and non-responsiveness to HBV vaccine. In that study, 34 out of 153 patients with end-stage renal disease failed to respond to HBV vaccine, and HLA-DQ2 was found almost exclusively in the non-responder group. Long stretches of time between vaccination and antibody testing might be one reason even celiac disease patients who follow a gluten-free diet have significantly reduced post-vaccination levels of HBV antibody. Therefore, current guidelines recommend revaccinating celiac patients once they have established a reliable gluten-free diet. This study was not designed to assess the presence of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 in the groups. Therefore, future studies assessing HLA haplotypes in celiac disease should seek to describe the role of HLA typing in response to HBV vaccination. The evidence indicates that early diagnosis of celiac disease, and treatment with a gluten-free diet may increase the overall percentage of patients responding favorably to the HBV vaccine. Treatment of celiac disease with a strict, gluten-free diet seems to play a positive role in the development of antibody memory. The review team points out that the high prevalence of celiac disease in the general population and a lack of response to HBV vaccine in untreated patients, invites routine assessment in patients with celiac disease receiving the HBV vaccine. Lastly, the review team notes that non-responsiveness to HBV vaccine may indicate undiagnosed celiac disease or noncompliance with gluten-free diet. SOURCE: Hepat Mon. 2011 August 1; 11(8): 597–598. doi: 10.5812/kowsar.1735143X.761
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