Thiamine Thiamine Thiamine

Thiamine deficiency causes hypoxia.  Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α binds to thiamine transporter SLC19A3 and activates it to increase thiamine uptake.  HIF-1α signaling also triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells proliferation.  HIF-1a affects genes in the nucleus, entering through micro-pores.  Hypoxia and high levels of HIF-1a are found in many autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Celiac.com Sponsor (A13):
"HIF-1α shows its functions through translocating into the nucleus, dimerizing with HIF-1β and binding to hypoxia-responsive elements of the HIF-1α target genes. Recent data have also suggested that HIF-1α plays a role in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier functions [37,38]. Accumulating evidence has also shown that HIF-1 α plays an essential role in cells via interaction with the NF-kB p65 pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammation [17]. In addition, previous research has further reported that HIF-1α expression is increased in the duodenal tissue of celiac disease patients [19,39]. It has been pointed out that activated HIF-1α is involved in celiac disease pathogenesis."

Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6379835/

Increased Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in Coeliac Disease

https://www.nature.com/articles/pr2010143

Intestinal parameters of oxidative imbalance in celiac adults with extraintestinal manifestations

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5703914/

Emerging role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073971/full

Thiamine deficiency activates hypoxia inducible factor-1α to facilitate pro-apoptotic responses in mouse primary astrocytes

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5646851/

Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible transcription Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in thiamine deficiency is mediated by pyruvate accumulation

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30008376/

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)-An Essential Health Regulator

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12251314/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40647310/

Role of HIF-1α in the Hypoxia Inducible Expression of the Thiamine Transporter, SLC19A3

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5097002/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27743994/

Thiamine insufficiency induces Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as an upstream mediator for neurotoxicity and AD-like pathology

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36241022/

Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6379835/

The role of hypoxic microenvironment in autoimmune diseases

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435306/full

Emerging role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073971/full

Increased Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in Coeliac Disease

https://www.nature.com/articles/pr2010143

Peroxiredoxins and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Duodenal Tissue: Emerging Factors in the Pathophysiology of Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9954839/