Dendritic Cell Subset Identified in Celiac Disease

Celiac.com 03/26/2007 - According to a recent Norwegian research report, the adverse immune response to gluten may be tied to a specific set of dendrite cells in the small intestine.

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A team led by Dr. Melinda Raki set out to compare the antigen-presenting cells in the small intestine of patients with celiac disease versus those from normal individuals.

The study used multiple duodenal biopsy specimens from 14 patients with untreated celiac disease, 6 with treated celiac disease and 4 controls.

Antigen presenting cells are so termed because they present gluten to the T-cells, which then contribute to the inflammation that damages the villi in the intestinal lining of those with celiac disease.

Researcher found that in the normal duodenal mucosa, about 20% of the HLA-DQ2 molecules associated with celiac disease were Cd11c+ dendritic cells. These dendritic cells accrued in the celiac lesions of the untreated celiac subjects.

When these CD11c+ cells were removed from the biopsy samples, they provoked an adverse gluten reaction in the T-cells.

The study indicates that a greater knowledge of antigen-presenting cells will yield a more complete understanding of the dynamics of celiac disease, the means by which inflammation occurs, and the means by which it can be controlled or avoided altogether.

Gastroenterology 2006;131:428-438.