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  • Jefferson Adams
    Jefferson Adams

    Does Gluten Play a Role in the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes?

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    Children with type 1 diabetes who ate a gluten-free diet for their first year after diagnosis needed less insulin, among other findings.

    Does Gluten Play a Role in the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes? - Image: CC--wuestenigel
    Caption: Image: CC--wuestenigel

    Celiac.com 07/04/2019 - There's been some data to suggest that gluten may play a role in diabetes, but there really isn't much data on the role of gluten in type 1 diabetes (T1D), so a team of researchers recently set out to test whether gluten plays a role in type 1 diabetes onset. Specifically, the team wanted to know if a gluten-free diet can decelerate the decline in beta-cell capacity in newly diagnosed non-celiac children with T1D.

    The research team included Vít Neuman, Stepanka Pruhova, Michal Kulich, Stanislava Kolouskova, Jan Vosahlo, Martina Romanova, Lenka Petruzelkova, Barbora Obermannova, Ondrej Cinek, and Zdeněk Šumník. They are variously affiliated with Charles University in Prague, and the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic.

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    For their non-randomized self-selected intervention trial, the team recruited forty-six children, from about 6-13 years old. One group of 26 began a gluten-free diet, while 20 continued on a standard non-gluten-free diet. 

    Main outcomes were the decline in C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) in mixed-meal tolerance tests and the differences in insulin dose, insulin dose adjusted A1c (IDAA1c) and HbA1c at 12 months. 

    Data were analyzed as intention-to-treat by linear regression models adjusted for baseline parameters. The adherence to a gluten-free diet was tested by immunoreactive gluten in stool.

    Average decrease in C-peptide AUC was 293 vs.484 pmol/L (p=0.3) at 6 months, and 567 vs. 919 pmol/L (p=0.1) at 12 months in the gluten-free diet and control group, respectively. 

    The group that ate a gluten-free diet had a lower insulin dose by 0.22 U/kg/day, lower IDAA1c by 1.5, and lower average HbA1c by 7.5 mmol/mol (p=0.01) after 12 months. Daily carbohydrate intake between the groups was the same. Researchers found immunoreactive gluten in the stool of just 3 patients.

    Children with type 1 diabetes who ate a gluten-free diet for their first year after diagnosis lower insulin demand and lower HbA1c, although C-peptide dynamics were similar for each group.

    This is the first study to provide solid data on the connection between gluten intake and type 1 diabetes. The fact that children who follow a gluten-free diet need less insulin is intriguing.

    Read more at Diabetes 2019 Jun; 68(Supplement 1).



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    Guest Cindy

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    It is well known in the diabetes community that there is often a "honeymoon period" during the first year after diagnosis in children where insulin needs are less. I am curious how they were able to determine that the decreased insulin requirements were due to a gluten free diet vs. this well accepted fact when the C-peptide levels were similar in both groups. 

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  • About Me

    Jefferson Adams

    Jefferson Adams is Celiac.com's senior writer and Digital Content Director. He earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at Arizona State University. His articles, essays, poems, stories and book reviews have appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and websites, including North American Project, Antioch Review, Caliban, Mississippi Review, Slate, and more. He is the author of more than 2,500 articles on celiac disease. His university coursework includes studies in science, scientific methodology, biology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, logic, and advanced research. He previously devised health and medical content for Colgate, Dove, Pfizer, Sharecare, Walgreens, and more. Jefferson has spoken about celiac disease to the media, including an appearance on the KQED radio show Forum, and is the editor of numerous books, including "Cereal Killers" by Scott Adams and Ron Hoggan, Ed.D.

    >VIEW ALL ARTICLES BY JEFFERSON ADAMS

     


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