Effector and Suppressor T cells in Celiac Disease

Celiac.com 08/17/2015 - In an interesting update, researcher Giuseppe Mazzarella, of the Immuno-Morphology Lab at the Institute of Food Sciences of the National Council Research in Avellino, Italy recently set out to examine the role of effector and suppressor T cells in celiac.

Celiac disease is a T-cell-mediated immune disorder in which gliadin-derived peptides activate lamina propria effector CD4+ T cells.

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This activation triggers the release of cytokines, compatible with a Th1-like pattern, which play a crucial role in the development of celiac disease, and which control many aspects of the inflammatory immune response.

Previous studies revealed that a novel subset of effector T cells, marked by expression of high levels of IL-17A, termed Th17 cells, plays a key role in celiac disease.

Although these effector T cell subsets produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cause significant tissue damage in celiac sufferers, recent studies have suggested the existence of additional CD4(+) T cell subsets with suppressor functions.

These subsets include type 1 regulatory T cells and CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells, expressing the master transcription factor Foxp3, which have important implications for the development and progression of celiac disease.

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