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    Jefferson Adams
    Jefferson Adams

    How Reliable is Hepatitis B Vaccination in People with Celiac Disease?

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.
    How Reliable is Hepatitis B Vaccination in People with Celiac Disease? -

    Celiac.com 02/10/2012 - The HBV vaccine is usually effective against common hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with just 4-10% of vaccine recipients failing to respond to standard immunization. Some studies suggest that people with celiac disease may have high levels of resistance to the HBV vaccine, compared to the general population.

    vaccine.webpA team of researchers recently took a look at the issue of HBV vaccine reliability in people with celiac disease.

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    The study team included Mohammad Rostami Nejad, Kamran Rostami, and Mohammad Reza Zali. They are variously affiliated with the Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, and with Acute Medicine at Dudley Group of Hospital in Dudley, UK. Together, they reviewed data from previous studies.

    The ability to respond to recombinant HBV vaccine is associated with certain gene sites. At those sites, certain HLA haplotypes, such as B8, DR3, and DQ2 are common genetic markers among non-responders.

    Since HLA genotypes play an important role in unresponsiveness to the HBV vaccine, and since 90-95% of people with celiac disease have HLA-DQ2, celiac disease may be a factor in this failure to respond to the HBV vaccine.

    For one study, Ertekin et al., a research team gave HBV vaccinations, according to a standard immunization schedule, to 52 children with celiac disease, and another twenty matched for age and sex.

    The average age of the celiac disease patients was 10.7 ± 4 years (range, 4-18 years). Anti-HBs titers were positive in 32 (61.5%) patients and negative in 20 (38.5%) patients, while they were positive in 18 (90%) of the children in the control group (P < 0.05). The review team found statistically significant differences between negative anti-HBs titers, clinical presentation of celiac disease, and dietary compliance in patients with celiac disease (P < 0.05).

    In all, 32 of the 52 children with celiac disease responded favorably to HBV vaccination. This was a substantially lower percentage that the 18 of 20 control subjects responded (P < 0.05).

    Ertekin et al. concluded that a significantly higher percentage of children with celiac disease failed to respond to hepatitis B vaccination, as compared with the control group.

    They concluded that response to the HBV vaccine in children with celiac disease should be investigated, and a different immunization schedule should be developed for them. They suggested that celiac children who follow a gluten-free diet may have a better immune response to the HBV vaccine.

    The data fits with previous studies that confirm the findings that children with celiac disease fail to respond to the HBV vaccine at significantly higher rates than do healthy children.

    In fact, the researchers point out a similar study on adults, Noh et al., revealed that, of 23 adults with celiac disease who had completed a full course of HBV vaccination, 19 tested positive for HBsAb and 13 failed to acquire proper long-term immunity.

    Another study, by Stachowski et al., further cemented this connection between HLA and non-responsiveness to HBV vaccine. In that study, 34 out of 153 patients with end-stage renal disease failed to respond to HBV vaccine, and HLA-DQ2 was found almost exclusively in the non-responder group.

    Long stretches of time between vaccination and antibody testing might be one reason even celiac disease patients who follow a gluten-free diet have significantly reduced post-vaccination levels of HBV antibody. Therefore, current guidelines recommend revaccinating celiac patients once they have established a reliable gluten-free diet.

    This study was not designed to assess the presence of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 in the groups. Therefore, future studies assessing HLA haplotypes in celiac disease should seek to describe the role of HLA typing in response to HBV vaccination.

    The evidence indicates that early diagnosis of celiac disease, and treatment with a gluten-free diet may increase the overall percentage of patients responding favorably to the HBV vaccine.

    Treatment of celiac disease with a strict, gluten-free diet seems to play a positive role in the development of antibody memory.

    The review team points out that the high prevalence of celiac disease in the general population and a lack of response to HBV vaccine in untreated patients, invites routine assessment in patients with celiac disease receiving the HBV vaccine.

    Lastly, the review team notes that non-responsiveness to HBV vaccine may indicate undiagnosed celiac disease or noncompliance with gluten-free diet.

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    Guest Jamilah Ali

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    Thanks for the interesting note about this research. I'm curious if the researchers controlled for other factors that are known to diminish response to the Hep B vaccine such as obesity, smoking and age...

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    Guest Pam

    Jefferson, This was facinating to read. Personally I had six Hep B vaccines before I gave up trying. My titer never turned. I loved discovering why. Thanks!

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    Guest Jenn

    Thanks for the interesting article and summary of trial outcomes.

     

    I have many symptoms of celiac such as anemia, vitamin deficiency, gastrointestinal issues, etc. However, when tested for celiac antibodies they came back negative. I wrote off celiac disease as a possible cause. At minimum this article pushes me in the direction that I should pay for genetic testing for celiac to confirm. Kind of expensive.

     

    I did not respond to hepatitis b vaccinations originally. I tested negative for hepatitis viruses as well.

     

    I took the first two series of shots for hepatitis B at a hospital I volunteered at.

     

    I took the first two series of shots at my new job 10-11 months later after first original shot. Started another new job, finished the third shot of the second series on time. Was tested and I did not respond after 5 injections.

     

    Started the hepatitis B and hepatitis A 2 series shot, I responded. Doctor said people usually have a higher titer but at least I met the minimum titer amount for immunity especially since I work in the healthcare field. He said I may need a booster over time and or that is just how my immunity cells respond.

     

    Thanks again.

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  • About Me

    Jefferson Adams

    Jefferson Adams is Celiac.com's senior writer and Digital Content Director. He earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at Arizona State University. His articles, essays, poems, stories and book reviews have appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and websites, including North American Project, Antioch Review, Caliban, Mississippi Review, Slate, and more. He is the author of more than 2,500 articles on celiac disease. His university coursework includes studies in science, scientific methodology, biology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, logic, and advanced research. He previously devised health and medical content for Colgate, Dove, Pfizer, Sharecare, Walgreens, and more. Jefferson has spoken about celiac disease to the media, including an appearance on the KQED radio show Forum, and is the editor of numerous books, including "Cereal Killers" by Scott Adams and Ron Hoggan, Ed.D.

    >VIEW ALL ARTICLES BY JEFFERSON ADAMS

     


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