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    Jefferson Adams
    Jefferson Adams

    Could Hookworm Infections Help Cure Celiac Disease?

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    Celiac.com 11/16/2009 - Could unknown benefits from one of the oldest parasites of the human digestive tract hold the key to cure for celiac disease?

    Australian scientists think so. Encouraged by successful treatments of Crohn's and ulcerative colitis by American researchers using a pig whipworm (Trichuris sues), a team of Australian researchers is recruiting volunteers with celiac disease for trials using human hookworm (Necator americanus).

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    The researchers have undertaken a similar preliminary study using a human hookworm in Crohn's patients.

    Researchers hypothesize that the disappearance of intestinal parasites from humans in developed countries may be responsible for the upsurge in many diseases including Celiac Disease, Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, asthma and hay fever.

    Using a small group of healthy people with celiac disease, the investigators will look to see if human hookworm interferes with the human immune reaction to gluten.

    Parasites survive partly by interfering with the host's immune response. The mechanisms they use to accomplish this are similar to those required by a person to regulate against the so-called autoimmune disorders, wherein the body begins to fight against itself.

    The investigators suspect that when parasites are excluded from the environment, some individuals become sufficiently self-reactive to develop an autoimmune disease.

    Using a small group of healthy people with celiac disease, the investigators will test if a human hookworm, Necator americanus, inhibits immune responsiveness to gluten.

    Specifically, they will examine whether hookworm infection will change the immune processes and suppress gluten sensitivity in people with celiac disease.

    Celiac disease is a good model for studying Crohn's disease because both involve similar immune changes. However, celiac patients are usually healthier overall, and, importantly, are not taking powerful immune suppressive drugs, and the provocative antigens (molecules that engage the immune system and provoke the disease) are well known and can be administered or cut out at will.

    In addition to directly benefitting celiac disease sufferers, this study may provide potential guidance in the use of hookworms to control inflammatory bowel disease.

    The study is open to people with proven celiac disease who reside in Brisbane, Australia. Those who enroll will be required to avoid gluten for six months.

    The blinded study will compare disease activity and immunity after a controlled break from the gluten-free diet in celiac patients, before and after hookworm infection.
    The team will use conventional and experimental methods to examine the disease severity and the immune system of celiac subjects before and after being inoculated with N. americanus.

    They will then compare immunity levels of the study subjects
    against those of matched, celiac control subjects (not infected with hookworm), before and after eating four pieces of standard white bread each day for three to five days.

    The initial study group will be small. The researchers will recruit ten subjects for each arm of the study, for a total of twenty.

    Initially, ten larvae will be placed on the skin under a light dressing for thirty minutes, followed by five more after twelve weeks.

    The researchers intend to asses whether the hookworm infection will change the immune processes and suppress gluten sensitivity in people with celiac disease. Outcomes to be measured will be those that reflect the activity of celiac disease.

    Stay tuned to see if hookworm therapy will be coming to a gastroenterologist near you! Tell us what you think. Would you sign up? Comment below.

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    Guest Cecilia

    Posted

    OMG... This would be a dream come true. Please please God make it work!

    Cecilia from Argentina

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    Guest jami

    Hookworms is a thought, but until scientists can tell for sure that it's beneficial I don't think I would do it. Have you heard of breeding with a Histocompatible person? A man on a science site told me that could reduce the immune system attacking itself--I wish science would look into that as an option so my future kids may not have to be wheat intolerant.

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    Guest CGally81

    Posted

    I for one would gladly sign up! Anything to not have to be super vigilant about my diet. If intentional hookworm infection comes to a gastroenterologist in my area, I'll go right for it. Whatever it takes.

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    Guest Jeff Kelly

    Posted

    Well it sounds sufficiently yucky for me to sign up and really, these initial trial folks are true guinea pigs in the sense that the risk that this hypothesis isn't taking into account that the risks from hookworm infection will outweight any potential benefits from blunting or muting the autoimmune reaction to gluten.

    I'll pin my hopes on the enzyme combo or larazetide acetate, thank you.

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    Guest rbd

    I myself live in the US and have had Crohn's for 10 years and am gluten sensitive (i.e. wheat/gluten triggers Crohn's flareups). I was inoculated with 25 hookworm (Necantor Americanus) this past June. Since that time, my Crohn's symptoms have been getting consistently better and now are a fraction as bad as they once were. Generalized inflammation is much less. However, as far as gluten sensitivity goes, it will get worse before it gets better with this therapy.

     

    This is because the hookworm actually cause the body change anatomically and flatten its villi out (in an attempt to flush the worm out). Even people that historically have no problem with gluten will oftentimes become gluten sensitive at this time due to this for a period of months. After this change completes, the hope with me is that the gluten sensitivity symptoms largely reside, since the worms also promote the creation of peripheral T suppressor cells.

     

    The therapy does not have a linear path of improvement and is long term (the brunt of benefits begin after 4-6 MONTHS, and it will take 1 to 1.5 YEARS to see the full effect) but I have been amazed with my progress so far due to a little worm. Fingers crossed.

     

    BTW, there is a wealth of published literature out there about hookworm and autoimmune diseases. I reviewed all of that, talked to my GI doctor and family, and took the plunge.

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    Guest June

    Would love to know more about this study but definitely would consider participation. Interesting theory from an RN point of view.

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    Guest Arlene

    I have been living with Celiac for 20 years and look forward to the day they come up with a supplement for us. But, oh my, I could not think of allowing worms into my body. I'm sure I would have nightmares of them crawling around inside. I wish good luck to those that are brave enough to do this.

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    Guest Gloria Brown

    Posted

    The researchers expectations for a control group to eat four pieces of white bread for three to five days is dangerous for those individuals. I hope hookworm therapy will not prove so as well.

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    Guest Seb

    I have had Celiac disease for 30 years, since my mid twenties, and follow a strict gluten free diet. If an unknown sneaks in the reactions are severe and have become more severe as time has gone by. If I ate four pieces of bread a day for 3-5 days I would not be able to tolerate it. One bite of bread would cause 6 hours of pure pain and two more days to be able to be able to absorb nutrients without pain. I would not sign up for this as the damage done to my gut by ingesting that much white bread would not outweigh a cure. After reading rbd's remark, it doesn't sound like it's healthy due to the body's worm elimination process. No thanks!

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    Guest Amanda McClain

    Posted

    I do not doubt that something that has occurred in my body, could also be cured by something from nature. For those who brave the frontier and participate in the study, my prayers are with you. If there is a cure, YEAH! If not, I am still happy to be here and in good quality of health. Would I be willing to participate, absolutely.

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    Guest Karen McGravey-Gajera

    Posted

    Wonderful hope!!!

    My daughter could do this...we live in the northeast USA. Please keep us updated!

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    Guest Betsy

    I have had problems from gluten intolerance for15 years but have only been gluten free for 6 months. I feel no better but the few symptoms I had are better. But I miss eating my favorite foods so much that if this works and the side effects aren't worse than the cure, I would definitely do this.

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  • About Me

    Jefferson Adams

    Jefferson Adams is Celiac.com's senior writer and Digital Content Director. He earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at Arizona State University. His articles, essays, poems, stories and book reviews have appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and websites, including North American Project, Antioch Review, Caliban, Mississippi Review, Slate, and more. He is the author of more than 2,500 articles on celiac disease. His university coursework includes studies in science, scientific methodology, biology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, logic, and advanced research. He previously devised health and medical content for Colgate, Dove, Pfizer, Sharecare, Walgreens, and more. Jefferson has spoken about celiac disease to the media, including an appearance on the KQED radio show Forum, and is the editor of numerous books, including "Cereal Killers" by Scott Adams and Ron Hoggan, Ed.D.

    >VIEW ALL ARTICLES BY JEFFERSON ADAMS

     


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