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  • Scott Adams
    Scott Adams

    How Common is Gluten Exposure in Patients with Celiac Disease on Gluten-Free Diets?

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    Nearly 90% patients had at least one fecal or urine sample that was positive for gluten immunogenic peptides.

    How Common is Gluten Exposure in Patients with Celiac Disease on Gluten-Free Diets? - Image: CC BY-SA 2.0--Ark. Agricultural Experiment Station
    Caption: Image: CC BY-SA 2.0--Ark. Agricultural Experiment Station

    Celiac.com 04/09/2020 - Anyone with celiac disease knows how hard it can be to follow a gluten-free diet. Some studies have shown that even celiacs who strive to stay gluten-free are commonly exposed to gluten. How common is gluten-exposure in celiacs who are following a gluten-free diet? A new study takes a deeper look at real world gluten exposure in celiac patients following a gluten-free diet.

    To do so, the research team set out to measure levels of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in fecal and urine samples from celiac patients on a gluten-free diet.

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    The research team included Juan Pablo Stefanolo, Martín Tálamo, Samanta Dodds, María de la Paz Temprano, Ana Florencia Costa, María Laura Moreno, María Inés Pinto-Sánchez, Edgardo Smecuol, Horacio Vázquez, Andrea Gonzalez, Sonia Isabel Niveloni, Eduardo Mauriño, Elena F. Verdu, Julio César Bai. They are variously affiliated with the Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina; the Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Medical Centre, Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; and the Research Institutes of Health, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

    The team conducted a prospective study of 53 celiac adults in Argentina who had followed a gluten-free diet for more than two years, and an average of eight years.

    The team used a celiac symptom index questionnaire to assess celiac-related symptoms for each patient at the beginning of the study. Patients in the study collected stool each Friday and Saturday and urine samples each Sunday for one month. The team used a commercial ELISA to measure gluten immunogenic peptides in stool and point-of-care tests to measure gluten immunogenic peptides in urine samples.

    Among other revelations, the results showed that nearly 40% of stool and urine samples were positive for gluten immunogenic peptides. Nearly 90% patients had at least one fecal or urine sample that was positive for gluten immunogenic peptides (median, 3 excretions). Nearly 70% of urine samples were positive for gluten immunogenic peptides at least once. 

    Positive gluten immunogenic peptides samples correlated with blood levels of deamidated gliadin peptide IgA, but not with levels of tissue transglutaminase. Interestingly, symptomatic patients had more weeks with detectable gluten immunogenic peptides in stool than patients without symptoms. 

    Patients with celiac disease on a long-term gluten-free diet are still frequently exposed to gluten. Tests to measure gluten immunogenic peptides in stool and urine could help dietitians ensure gluten-free diet compliance. In their celiac patients.

    In this real world study, nearly nine out of ten celiacs who are following a gluten-free diet tested positive for gluten exposure at least once in this study, and nearly two out of five urine tests was positive for gluten exposure. Moreover, these exposures may not have symptoms. This is pretty alarming news, to be honest. People with celiac disease need to avoid gluten, and they need a reliable way to check and see if they need to adjust their diet.

    Do you have celiac disease? Are you on a gluten-free diet? Do you think you get exposed to gluten regularly? Do you think that regular testing might help you to avoid gluten? Comment below.

    Read more in the Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

    Edited by Scott Adams



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    Guest Hank

    After my Celiac diagnosis more than a decade ago I've had a perfect track record of not just thinking' What the heck!' and wolfing down food I know contains gluten, and I've educated myself on the sources people normally wouldn't expect.
    It would be a good thing to know the average unintended exposure a person might get and the threshold before auto-immune damage begins to occur.
    The idea of an enzyme pill taken before a trip to a restaurant is one I've seen here before, something like that would go a long way towards allowing Celiac patients a better quality of life.

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    Beacon60

    I was diagnosed in 2005.  I have only twice in 15 years knowingly ingested gluten and yet I know that I am regularly exposed.  I am extremely careful at home and when I dine out.  I read every label and all research.  I have annual colonoscopies(many polyps), and endoscopes every 2-3 years due to my difficulty with weight loss.  It is very frustrating.

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    docaz
    On 4/9/2020 at 4:20 PM, Guest Hank said:

    After my Celiac diagnosis more than a decade ago I've had a perfect track record of not just thinking' What the heck!' and wolfing down food I know contains gluten, and I've educated myself on the sources people normally wouldn't expect.
    It would be a good thing to know the average unintended exposure a person might get and the threshold before auto-immune damage begins to occur.
    The idea of an enzyme pill taken before a trip to a restaurant is one I've seen here before, something like that would go a long way towards allowing Celiac patients a better quality of life.

    Yes, this is exactly the reason for AN-PEP / GliadinX.

    It appears that the threshold is not the same for all people. For some it is 200ppm and for some as low as 5ppm but unfortunately it is hard to figure it out. 

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    Guest GFD

    I have celiac disease and have been on a GFD for 15 years since being diagnosed. I am often exposed to gluten even when I purchase so-called gluten-free foods. 

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    Guest Janet

    Posted

    I have been super strict gluten free since diagnosed 10.5 years ago but my husband still has gluten foods in the house. I’ve had two episodes of gluten exposure at restaurants that made me horribly sick and sent me to the emergency room. After going gluten-free, I still experienced gut problems and eventually found a dietitian nutritionist who helped me identify a bunch of other foods to avoid, including lactose. Now, I have one dish at one restaurant that I can eat. So, I go out to eat rarely and I can’t travel except to camp and make my own food. All of that said, I still notice that I am being exposed to gluten, probably small amounts. This could be from my husband’s food, cooking utensils, or drugs. We do keep separate toaster ovens and towels. It’s a constant battle of hyper vigilance.

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    RJ

    As with others here, I have been on GFD for 12 years.  Extensive mineral deficiencies led to diagnosis, though I had no severe acute reactions to gluten until 1-2 years after going strictly gluten free.  I travel for work about 40%-60% of the year, riding on 80-110 airplanes a year.  This translates into a similar percentage of my meals being eaten in restaurants. (I lost the enjoyment of eating out years ago due to the stress experienced evry time I go into an eating eatablishment.) 

    When I have a gross exposure, 1 to 3 times per year, it is always due to restaurant food mis-identified as gluten-free, or ignorant staff making false assertions about items being gluten free.  Extreme nuasea, sweating, and vomiting occurs within about an hour of ingestion.  Several years ago, I started carrying Zofran in my computer bag, which follows me like a loyal puppy on the road.  When I am made aware of the gluten poisoning after the fact, I take one and it will keep me from throwing up.  Even if I am not made aware, it can still stave off the vomiting if I can dissolve in my mouth early enough at the onset.  In both cases, I still feel effects for a couple days after, though it is not debilitating.  

    What concerns me with this article, is the obvious implication that I am repeatedly exposed at levels less than my personal acute symptomatic threshold. The only "plus side" to this is not getting violently ill.  I have to assume that there is some level of underlying damage being done when I am exposed at levels under this threshold. 

    Are there any studies out there that have examined the potential damage that can be done in these periodic acute exposures, in addition to the assumed high level of non-symptomatic background exposures?   

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    Retired Librarian/Teacher

    I have been in the hospital 7 times in the last year and a half for issues of falling and creaming my head; no diet problems there, and they have the best tasting gluten-free bread.  After each hospitalization, I had to go to a nursing home for rehabilitation; that's where the problems were. I was in 5 different places; each time I told them I needed to be on a gluten free diet. It never happened. There were some places that were better than others, but all gave me problems.  Now I'm in an assisted living facility--still having the same problems.  Sometimes, I can take most of the breading off of the meat, and other times I can't. Often both menu items contain pasta. I can order a big salad or a cheeseburger (no bun) or chicken salad (with my own crackers), but those three items get boring after a while.  I can get a few frozen entries to  fix in my room, but I can only afford to do that once or twice a month. 

    I just read the Easter Candy article, and found out that one of the candies I considered safe, isn't.  Just one more thing I can't eat. :-(  That's why I was breaking out a few weeks ago.

     

     

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    Guest Trina

    Posted

    On 4/13/2020 at 2:36 PM, docaz said:

    Yes, this is exactly the reason for AN-PEP / GliadinX.

    It appears that the threshold is not the same for all people. For some it is 200ppm and for some as low as 5ppm but unfortunately it is hard to figure it out. 

    Does you or anyone else have experience with using this?? I’ve thought about ordering it but didn’t know if it was a complete joke. I only eat out every few months at places I’m certain are 90% safe...hard to say as sometimes I think I had a reaction that was less intense but then I wonder if it’s in my head!! ?it would still be nice to have if it works. 

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    Scott Adams

    GliadinX is definitely not a joke and a lot of research has been published about AN-PEP and how it can break down small amounts of gluten in the stomach, before it reaches the intestines.

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    Ennis-TX

    I have used it on and off for a few years when trying something not labeled, new, or from a shared facility. ...no major signs of exposure. I recently had to make it a daily regiment as I am having to turn to local brands for some foods that are made on shared facilities I do not trust and I found I tend to also digest some other foods better with it that are gluten free anyway....thinking of just staying on it.

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    Guest Jennifer

    Posted

    I have no symptoms if I eat foods with gluten. I am careful, but never know if inflammation is present. Endoscopies can only be done about every few years. Maybe a test I could do myself would give me peace of mind.

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    Guest Social  distancing

    Posted

    Interestingly since the quarantine my gut has been much improved 

    No eating out

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  • About Me

    Scott Adams

    Scott Adams was diagnosed with celiac disease in 1994, and, due to the nearly total lack of information available at that time, was forced to become an expert on the disease in order to recover. In 1995 he launched the site that later became Celiac.com to help as many people as possible with celiac disease get diagnosed so they can begin to live happy, healthy gluten-free lives.  He is co-author of the book Cereal Killers, and founder and publisher of the (formerly paper) newsletter Journal of Gluten Sensitivity. In 1998 he founded The Gluten-Free Mall which he sold in 2014. Celiac.com does not sell any products, and is 100% advertiser supported.


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