Jump to content
  • Welcome to Celiac.com!

    You have found your celiac tribe! Join us and ask questions in our forum, share your story, and connect with others.




  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A1):



    Celiac.com Sponsor (A1-M):


  • Get Celiac.com Updates:
    Support Our Content
    eNewsletter
    Donate

Just Not Sleepy/tired!


roxnhead

Recommended Posts

roxnhead Rookie

I have only been gluten-casein free about a week now. (I've started yawning again.) My problem has been that I'm just not tired-in fact I'm wide awake sometimes I only sleep 3 hours a night. The next day of course I'm washed out! Very fatigued! RLS stocking feet-hot legs-it seems as soon as I start to fall asleep I get a hot-flash/nightsweat then I get up to use bathroom, get a drink of water and try again. I can tell if I'm glutened because my feet turn cold-also casein seems to make RLS worse. It is very hard for me to understand how eating something (gluten-casein)can in turn make your body unable to function properly! Almost all of my symptoms are nuero--I'm hoping to get back to work soon, I've been on disability since April with "Profound Fatigue". For those of you with primarily nuero symptoms how long does it take to feel strong again.

I also take Vitamin B-12 injections--and then I get tired---I swear I feel as though I have not been sleepy/tired/drowsy for the longest time. In my efforts to self-diagnose I found the term "wired fatigue" does anyone else feel this? Besides me, and if you have does it go away with the Gluten-free Casein-free diet.


Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):
Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):



Celiac.com Sponsor (A8-M):



Green Eyes Rookie

I have been experiencing the fatigue and nerve pain. Being celiac and having very little GI symptoms, I have now realized I'm dealing with other issues. I am waiting on results to see what my vitamin levels are. My ferrin and iron were fine, but now I believe my B12, B1, and/or Vitamin D are a little off. To stop the RLS I am currently taking a Advil PM for the pain and to get some sleep (that is the only pain reliever I take). With a good 8 hours rest I am able to get helps me get thru the next day. I believe my issues are the lack of absorption in the small intestine - now I'm seeking help to prove/disprove that.

Jennifer

  • 1 month later...
one more mile Contributor
It is very hard for me to understand how eating something (gluten-casein)can in turn make your body unable to function properly!

I spent the last three years of my life totally tired. I was unable to work a normal job also. When I realized it was the gluten that made me have to take naps I did not really care how it worked, I just wanted to join the world of the living again.

Everything you put in to your body has an effect on it. I am sure that you would have a strong reaction to eating drain cleaner whether you understood how it worked or not. You probably have a strong reaction to poison ivy, some people do some people do not. For me I know that my life sucks and is barely livable when I choose to eat gluten.

When you are off the stuff for a few weeks ( and the brain fog starts to lift) just read as much as you can find on the web and you will be able to understand some of how it works. It is complicated but interesting to see how all the chemicals react in us and not in many other people.

For now just stay away from gluten the same way you would stay away from a poison ivy salad with drain cleaner dressing.

Keep it simple!

One more mile

  • 3 weeks later...
April in KC Apprentice

I had a lot of fatigue and insomnia issues prior to going gluten-free, and things got better but also really weird for about a year after going gluten free. I'm about 2 years in now - still have some issues, but overall things are better and better. I don't pull as many late-nighters now, don't take as many naps. RLS seems gone unless I'm glutened. I also have DH, the skin condition, so it's easy for me to put all my symptoms together and figure out when I've been glutened.

I had sleep attacks for about a year when glutened, but now I don't have them as frequently or as severely. I have some other posts about it.

When I get glutened, my sleep gets dysregulated for a few days. Initially there may be a narc attack, but then later I find myself staying up late at night "buzzing" - but tired.

  • 1 month later...
I hate gluten Apprentice

I went throught the same thing as you. Once I went gluten free, I was more awake, yet still exhausted. My B12 injection helped ( I was so low they said that I should have been neuro and do not know how I was walking- Nurse said that to me on the phone) But still felt off. It was not until I started my vit D (perscription) That I felt awake when I was supose to and tired when I was suppose to. I still have about one night a week that I am more or less wide awake for 24 hours but the next day I make sure no matter how tired i do not nap. Then I am back to a regular sleep pattern. It is hard. First I just wanted to wake up then I just wanted to sleep. good luck You may want to check your meds that you are taking also if any.

RiceGuy Collaborator

I also found B12 very helpful, along with magnesium. A B-complex and vitamin D are also good recommendations. Proper neurological function depends on these and other vital nutrients.

  • 1 month later...
Youdah Newbie
I went throught the same thing as you. Once I went gluten free, I was more awake, yet still exhausted. My B12 injection helped ( I was so low they said that I should have been neuro and do not know how I was walking- Nurse said that to me on the phone) But still felt off. It was not until I started my vit D (perscription) That I felt awake when I was supose to and tired when I was suppose to. I still have about one night a week that I am more or less wide awake for 24 hours but the next day I make sure no matter how tired i do not nap. Then I am back to a regular sleep pattern. It is hard. First I just wanted to wake up then I just wanted to sleep. good luck You may want to check your meds that you are taking also if any.

I am so glad I found this website (with a google search). I'm reading the story of my LIFE! I'm on day 6 de-glutened. The last 48 hours, I've definitely had some of the wired-tiredness. It isn't exactly fatigue, like I've experienced while eating gluten...but certainly feeling tired and unable to slow down enough to sleep or difficulty sitting still to even watch TV. I'll definitely talk to my doctor about it and possible deficiencies, and pump up the vitamins in the meantime.


Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):
Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):



Celiac.com Sponsor (A8-M):



Mtndog Collaborator

I have it too and I can say it's HORRID.....nothing worse than being really tired and unable to sleep :( I have the hot flashes as soon as I can get into bed and then finally fall asleep but wake up at 5 am on the dot and am exhausted and have to go back to sleep almost exactly 2 hours later. Ugh!

The B-12 should help. It takes awhile though. I have other health issues (Lyme) and that obviously contributes BUT I cannot tell you how much going gluten-free helped! It took awhile for all my gluten-related symptoms to resolve but they did. Now, if only I didn't have that pesky other stuff to deal with.

It is incredible how much of an impact the gluten-free diet can make :D

  • 3 months later...
Angels~Exist Newbie

I used to be like that too. I've been on the gluten-free diet, B-12, and folic acid for over 2 months now and I don't even notice when it's eleven or twelve at night! I've actually had people tell me to go to bed because it was late and I didn't believe them :lol:

  • 2 months later...
JohnDory Newbie

I relate to the buzzing/wired fatigue after being glutened. I slept for 1.5 hours the other night after eating a regular pizza (am meant to be still eating gluten until my biopsy but am going on and off it depending on what work i have on) then was a zombi the next day. The next night i got some sleep, but woke up in a cold sweat twice. Its a if its stimulating/irritating my CNS.

From past experiences this buzzed/wired fatigue will turn into around 3 days where i sleep 12+ hours a night and still feel tired during the day. This is what normally happens.

mushroom Proficient

My description of this wiredness used to be that it felt like my head was plugged directly into an electrical outlet. Made absolutely no difference how tired I was. Thank goodness I don't get that anymore, unless unintentionally glutened.

flourgirl Apprentice

Glad to see this here this am. Helps explain some things to me, that I wasn't sure was linked to celiac disease. Sometimes it's so hard to know what is celiac disease and what may be something else. Sure wish the medical community was further ahead in sorting this out.

captaincrab55 Collaborator

For 20 plus years I've told my Doctors that I was tired, but not sleepy... During that time I had many different blood tests including yearly Lyme test to identify the problem... Test were always negative... Over the last 20 years or so I could only sleep about 6 hours @ night, but could easily dose off for a short nap... Every 2 or 3 months I could sleep 8 or more hours and became ill (sinus infection)... As soon as I started sleeping more then 6 hours, I started seeing my Doc ASAP for antibiotics to fight off the usual sinus infection. When my GP was out of town, I even had one Doctor tell me that I wasn't sick because I was sleeping 8 hours or so... He gave me a lecture that Doctors were over prescribing antibiotics & I could be very sorry someday.. 4 or 5 days latter I required antibiotics for another sinus infection... Long story short, I take an antibiotic daily (dapsone) for DH and now have no problem sleeping 8 hours or more. It's great to function during the day without that constant dose-off feeling that a nap seldom relieved... Life is Great without Gluten....

babysteps Contributor

I sometimes get this way, but usually milder (say, once in a while a 3 or 4 hr night - can't fall asleep, then wake up after 2 hrs for a while with night sweats, then fall back asleep for a while around 6 or 7 am). But rarely.

In my case it usually seems to come from caffeine or theobromine (found in chocolate, also in carob which is otherwise considered caffeine free), especially if combined with sugar (that seems to be part of the RLS puzzle for me), and sometimes from just plain spicy food (usually chili pepper related). Also anything with MSG or "natural flavors" can have a similar impact.

Not sure if any of that helps, just thought I'd share. In my case, as long as I am gluten-free and caffeine/theobromine free and low sugar (fruit okay, corn/rice/etc okay, just not dessert amounts of processed sugar) and no MSG, I generally can avoid the buzzed-even-if-tired RLS night.

Good luck!

roxnhead Rookie

Thank you all for your replies! I am sleeping much better these days. I do not have the wired / exhaustion problem either. Being gluten-free, dairy-free, mold-free, sugar-free has helped tremendously. My problem with sleep is as soon as I lay down I get night sweat then every 2 hrs or so I awaken same thing. The good news is that I am able to go right back to sleep. My best time block for sleep is 4 a.m.-8 a.m. I believe gluten and dairy/casein were the biggest culprits for me.

Donna

  • 2 weeks later...
dermotron Newbie

Hi to all who have posted here. Until Id found this site Id thought its was just me or something that I just done. The tired/buzzed feeling is so common for me that I never really thought anything of it. When I have been glutenised its usually the 2nd week after that the symptons are worst i.e. chronic exhaustion and unable to sleep. I've found that lemon tea helps with this if only as a mental thing than a physical.

I was never really into reading but when the Dan Brown novels came out I got hooked on reading! I also noticed that I couldnt stop reading even when I was tired. Seems like my body and mind get confused as to whether to sleep or stay awake. I've never had a problem staying awake for 36-48hrs str8 even though my body is dying for sleep I can be just too buzzed to go to sleep. Even after a long bout of staying awake I rarely sleep more than 8 hours and take upto 6hrs to fully wake up. This has made me quite moody at times.

And OMG to I hate that cloudly brain feeling. It problem takes me longer to recover from that than anything.

Whilst reading this and typing a reply I've rang my GP and I am going to get a check up as Ive not had on for maybe 3-4 years. I've noticed people saying they take iron supplements AND are dairy free, where do you guys get your calcium? I take calcium supplements as calcium is necessary to break down the iron but correct me if Im wrong about this.

Coincidentally I logged my sleep since last Monday week and I average 5hrs a night :(. This average has to go up soon cos my body just isnt functioning correctly at the moment

roxnhead Rookie

Hi Everybody,

I just wanted to reply to my original post. I am sleeping much better these days. It appears carbs are my enemy. If I am carb free I am able to sleep. If I eat gluten, grain, mold foods, casein, carbs I will not be able to sleep. I experience restless legs also, but not if I remain on this restricted diet. One thing I continue to experience is night sweats. They appear just as I am nodding off, then continue every 3 hours or so therefore I am up usually 2 or 3 times a night but am able to go right back to sleep. I am curious as to what is the cause hormones, low bp or heart-rate ? Any Ideas? I take a vitamin supplement to get my adequate calcium. I have found Many NOW vitamins are yeast,gluten,dairy free. I encourage your Dr's visit make sure to have your B-12 checked! Donna

GFinDC Veteran

Hi Dermotron,

I have been lactose intolerant for, oh say 14 years now. I started taking calcium pills a few years back. I take a cal-mag-zinc pill one day and a cal-mag-D pill the next day, in alteration. I do miss days here and there, but generally try to keep on them. I am in kind of a sweet spot right now as of the last week and a half, been sleeping much better, which is super nice. I am very familiar with the wired sleeplessness feeling though after having that for years. That and the ringing ears.

I found I felt better when I cut out coffee and tea and started taking thyroid supplements. I also cut out all my vitamins for a while and then added them back one at a time after a week or so. I added back one every few days.

Since you are a pure blood I suppose I should call you Mr. Dermatron, sir? :D:) I think Ireland makes the best vampires really.

Hi Ronxnhead,

Thanks for starting this thread. Nice to hear you are getting some Zzz's these days too!

Gfresh404 Enthusiast

I'm the same way. I still cannot seem to false asleep until my body literally shuts down and tells me "You're going to fall asleep, find a bed." It has gotten slightly better, I recently just started eating a lot more gluten-free whole grains and I think that will help calm and relax me. I also just removed brown rice from my diet which for some strange reason really causes me physical pain.

I am taking vitamin and mineral supplements, eating pretty healthy, I'm active, I do not understand where this "wired fatigue" as someone so accurately put it as, is coming from. I am thinking maybe a melatonin, tryptophan, or serotonin deficiency?

I really do not want to take hormones (melatonin) to help me fall asleep, but I have heard these work pretty well. Has anyone tried these?

Does anyone else have any theories as to why our bodies are telling us to go to sleep but our minds just will not seem to listen? I am starting to get frustrated here.

babysteps Contributor

random thought - roxnhead you say carbs are your enemy, and this other thread (in the Post Diagnosis/Treatment category) about yeast overgrowth https://www.celiac.com/gluten-free/index.php?showtopic=62816 - the #2 of 20 symptoms listed by Eric_C as yeast but not gluten related is

"2. Insomnia...just never get tired."

and then

"3. VERY light sleep...I dream but its half way between being awake and asleep"

might be a connection?? for some of us, anyway...

lots of yeast threads on this board if we want to explore them & compare to what we experience...

  • 2 weeks later...
King Tainium Newbie
Hi to all who have posted here. Until Id found this site Id thought its was just me or something that I just done. The tired/buzzed feeling is so common for me that I never really thought anything of it. When I have been glutenised its usually the 2nd week after that the symptons are worst i.e. chronic exhaustion and unable to sleep. I've found that lemon tea helps with this if only as a mental thing than a physical.

I was never really into reading but when the Dan Brown novels came out I got hooked on reading! I also noticed that I couldnt stop reading even when I was tired. Seems like my body and mind get confused as to whether to sleep or stay awake. I've never had a problem staying awake for 36-48hrs str8 even though my body is dying for sleep I can be just too buzzed to go to sleep. Even after a long bout of staying awake I rarely sleep more than 8 hours and take upto 6hrs to fully wake up. This has made me quite moody at times.

And OMG to I hate that cloudly brain feeling. It problem takes me longer to recover from that than anything.

Whilst reading this and typing a reply I've rang my GP and I am going to get a check up as Ive not had on for maybe 3-4 years. I've noticed people saying they take iron supplements AND are dairy free, where do you guys get your calcium? I take calcium supplements as calcium is necessary to break down the iron but correct me if Im wrong about this.

Coincidentally I logged my sleep since last Monday week and I average 5hrs a night :(. This average has to go up soon cos my body just isnt functioning correctly at the moment

HI,

I have to be honest I hate to say it but we're in the same boat I only sleep Like 4 to 5 hours a nightit's 3:30 am now and my kids will be waking up in like five hours. I ain't even tired either. I remember on week I was up for 5 days straight. A doctor gave me sleeping pills but sometimes they don't even work. I have sma syndrome and I don't even know what to do.

  • 3 weeks later...
Nadia2009 Enthusiast
I have only been gluten-casein free about a week now. (I've started yawning again.) My problem has been that I'm just not tired-in fact I'm wide awake sometimes I only sleep 3 hours a night. The next day of course I'm washed out! Very fatigued! RLS stocking feet-hot legs-it seems as soon as I start to fall asleep I get a hot-flash/nightsweat then I get up to use bathroom, get a drink of water and try again. I can tell if I'm glutened because my feet turn cold-also casein seems to make RLS worse. It is very hard for me to understand how eating something (gluten-casein)can in turn make your body unable to function properly! Almost all of my symptoms are nuero--I'm hoping to get back to work soon, I've been on disability since April with "Profound Fatigue". For those of you with primarily nuero symptoms how long does it take to feel strong again.

I also take Vitamin B-12 injections--and then I get tired---I swear I feel as though I have not been sleepy/tired/drowsy for the longest time. In my efforts to self-diagnose I found the term "wired fatigue" does anyone else feel this? Besides me, and if you have does it go away with the Gluten-free Casein-free diet.

Roxnhead, I am having sleep attacks this week and it is hard to get up in the morning. Today, I slept in a waiting room and I was feeling tired and washed out even after exercising for about an hour. Maybe the exercise was too much? Maybe my sleep wasn't enough but I am not taking any more garlic! It makes me slow and tired.

Can someone tell me if this is how being glutened feels after you have been off gluten? Tired, stiff legs and back, heavy headed, in slow mode, sleepy and yawning.

I make all my food from scratch. Maybe I have to switch to gluten free shampooing, soap etc? How do you all make sure there is no gluten in them? There is usually like over 15 ingredients in shampooing and most have weird names.

sixtytwo Apprentice

Hey, Babysteps, you put your finger on something here.........last night I had a bowl of chocolate pudding (sugar free/gluten-free) and sleep was impossible. I had already figured out the caffiene thing re: soda, but chocolate??? That's it. I am going to stay away from any chocolate things before bed and see if that helps. By the way....did you notice how many people took a look at this site, must be a lot of non-sleepers out there. Barbara

  • 3 weeks later...
jackay Enthusiast

I am wired all the time so even when I can't sleep at night, I can't nap during the day. I have been awake now for about 30 hours and feel miserable. I pray for at least a few hours of sleep tonight.

I stay away from caffeine so that isn't the problem. Headaches and back pain don't help but there have been some nights when I do get some sleep in spite of them.

My doctor keeps having me try different supplements (gluten, soy, dairy, egg free) and nothing is doing the trick. I am going to ask him to test me for foods again and also check my level of vitamins and minerals. I am staring into space as I write this since I am so wire/tired.

Archived

This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies.

  • Get Celiac.com Updates:
    Support Celiac.com:
    Join eNewsletter
    Donate

  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A17):
    Celiac.com Sponsor (A17):





    Celiac.com Sponsors (A17-M):




  • Recent Activity

    1. - knitty kitty replied to lizzie42's topic in Post Diagnosis, Recovery & Treatment of Celiac Disease
      4

      Son's legs shaking

    2. - lizzie42 replied to lizzie42's topic in Post Diagnosis, Recovery & Treatment of Celiac Disease
      4

      Son's legs shaking

    3. - Scott Adams replied to Russ H's topic in Celiac Disease Pre-Diagnosis, Testing & Symptoms
      1

      Anti-endomysial Antibody (EMA) Testing

    4. - knitty kitty replied to lizzie42's topic in Post Diagnosis, Recovery & Treatment of Celiac Disease
      4

      Son's legs shaking

    5. - Scott Adams replied to Paulaannefthimiou's topic in Gluten-Free Foods, Products, Shopping & Medications
      2

      Bob red mill gluten free oats

  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A19):
  • Member Statistics

    • Total Members
      132,869
    • Most Online (within 30 mins)
      7,748

    MaryannHall
    Newest Member
    MaryannHall
    Joined
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A20):
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A22):
  • Forum Statistics

    • Total Topics
      121.5k
    • Total Posts
      1m
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A21):
  • Upcoming Events

  • Posts

    • knitty kitty
      Yes, I do think they need a Thiamine supplement at least. Especially since they eat red meat only occasionally. Most fruits and vegetables are not good sources of Thiamine.  Legumes (beans) do contain thiamine.  Fruits and veggies do have some of the other B vitamins, but thiamine B 1 and  Cobalamine B12 are mostly found in meats.  Meat, especially organ meats like liver, are the best sources of Thiamine, B12, and the six other B vitamins and important minerals like iron.   Thiamine has antibacterial and antiviral properties.  Thiamine is important to our immune systems.  We need more thiamine when we're physically ill or injured, when we're under stress emotionally, and when we exercise, especially outside in hot weather.  We need thiamine and other B vitamins like Niacin B 3 to keep our gastrointestinal tract healthy.  We can't store thiamine for very long.  We can get low in thiamine within three days.  Symptoms can appear suddenly when a high carbohydrate diet is consumed.  (Rice and beans are high in carbohydrates.)  A twenty percent increase in dietary thiamine causes an eighty percent increase in brain function, so symptoms can wax and wane depending on what one eats.  The earliest symptoms like fatigue and anxiety are easily contributed to other things or life events and dismissed.   Correcting nutritional deficiencies needs to be done quickly, especially in children, so their growth isn't stunted.  Nutritional deficiencies can affect intelligence.  Vitamin D deficiency can cause short stature and poor bone formation.   Is your son taking anything for the anemia?  Is the anemia caused by B12 or iron deficiency?  
    • lizzie42
      Thank you! That's helpful. My kids eat very little processed food. Tons of fruit, vegetables, cheese, eggs and occasional red meat. We do a lot of rice and bean bowls, stir fry, etc.  Do you think with all the fruits and vegetables they need a vitamin supplement? I feel like their diet is pretty healthy and balanced with very limited processed food. The only processed food they eat regularly is a bowl of Cheerios here and there.  Could shaking legs be a symptom of just a one-time gluten exposure? I guess there's no way to know for sure if they're getting absolutely zero exposure because they do go to school a couple times a week. We do homeschool but my son does a shared school 2x a week and my daughter does a morning Pre-K 3 x a week.  At home our entire house is strictly gluten free and it is extremely rare for us to eat out. If we eat at someone else's house I usually just bring their food. When we have play dates we bring all the snacks, etc. I try to be really careful since they're still growing. They also, of course, catch kids viruses all the time so I  want to make sure I know whether they're just sick or they've had gluten. It can be pretty confusing when they're pretty young to even be explaining their symptoms! 
    • Scott Adams
      That is interesting, and it's the first time I heard about the umbilical cord beings used for that test. Thanks for sharing!
    • knitty kitty
      @lizzie42, You're being a good mom, seeking answers for your son.  Cheers! Subclinical thiamine deficiency commonly occurs with anemia.  An outright Thiamine deficiency can be precipitated by the consumption of a high carbohydrate meal.   Symptoms of Thiamine deficiency include feeling shakey or wobbly in the legs, muscle weakness or cramps, as well as aggression and irritability, confusion, mood swings and behavior changes.  Thiamine is essential to the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine which keep us calm and rational.   @Jsingh, histamine intolerance is also a symptom of Thiamine deficiency.  Thiamine is needed to prevent mast cells from releasing histamine at the slightest provocation as is seen in histamine intolerance.  Thiamine and the other B vitamins and Vitamin C are needed to clear histamine from the body.  Without sufficient thiamine and other B vitamins to clear it, the histamine builds up.  High histamine levels can change behavior, too.  High histamine levels are found in the brains of patients with schizophrenia.  Thiamine deficiency can also cause extreme hunger or conversely anorexia.   High carbohydrate meals can precipitate thiamine deficiency because additional thiamine is required to process carbohydrates for the body to use as fuel.  The more carbohydrates one eats daily, the more one needs additional thiamine above the RDA.  Thiamine is water soluble, safe and nontoxic even in high doses. Keep in mind that gluten-free processed foods like cookies and such are not required to be fortified and enriched with vitamins and minerals like their gluten containing counterparts are.  Limit processed gluten-free foods.  They are often full of empty calories and unhealthy saturated fats and additives, and are high in histamine or histamine release triggers.  It's time you bought your own vitamins to supplement what is not being absorbed due to malabsorption of Celiac disease.  Benfotiamine is a form of Thiamine that has been shown to improve intestinal health as well as brain function. Do talk to your doctors and dieticians about supplementing with the essential vitamins and minerals while your children are growing up gluten free.  Serve nutritionally dense foods.  Meats and liver are great sources of B vitamins and minerals. Hope this helps!  Keep us posted on your progress!
    • Scott Adams
      Oats naturally contain a protein called avenin, which is similar to the gluten proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye. While avenin is generally considered safe for most people with celiac disease, some individuals, around 5-10% of celiacs, may also have sensitivity to avenin, leading to symptoms similar to gluten exposure. You may fall into this category, and eliminating them is the best way to figure this out. Some people substitute gluten-free quinoa flakes for oats if they want a hot cereal substitute. If you are interested in summaries of scientific publications on the topic of oats and celiac disease, we have an entire category dedicated to it which is here: https://www.celiac.com/celiac-disease/oats-and-celiac-disease-are-they-gluten-free/   
×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

NOTICE: This site places This site places cookies on your device (Cookie settings). on your device. Continued use is acceptance of our Terms of Use, and Privacy Policy.