Jump to content

  • Welcome to Celiac.com!

    You have found your celiac tribe! Join us and ask questions in our forum, share your story, and connect with others.



  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A1):

    Celiac.com Sponsor (A1-M):

  • Get Celiac.com Updates:
    Support Our Content
    eNewsletter
    Donate

Joint Pain

Lgood22573

By Lgood22573
in Related Issues & Disorders

Recommended Posts

YoloGx Rookie
YoloGx
Posted

Hi, Bea!

For ease of reference: Would you mind indulging an attention-challenged, brain-fogged "old lady" and list every supplement you speak of here, with the brand name next to it?

ABC Multi - Funforyou Labs

DEF Calcium - Horsepills, Inc.

Oh, that would be so very much appreciated. Please feel free to add any additional supplements you use that may not have been mentioned here. THANK YOU MY FRIEND!

I'll do it a little later when I have time. Fraid I don't know what ADA means though...

Bea

Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):
Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):

Celiac.com Sponsor (A8-M):


Lynayah Enthusiast
Lynayah
Posted

I'll do it a little later when I have time. Fraid I don't know what ADA means though...

Bea

Thanks, Bea.

dilettantesteph Collaborator
dilettantesteph
Posted

I also suffer from joint pain. Before diagnosis my knuckles were swollen to about twice their normal size. I had to stop wearing rings. I had gone up a finger, and then I couldn't even do that. Getting them off was painful. Also hips, knees, ankles, shoulders, you name it. Walking was painful. I'm a woodwind player and it really slowed down my fingering and made it sloppy. Now things are back to normal and I'm playing a lot better and wearing rings again. I'm also running, biking, etc. When glutened it can get bad again. I can get aches all over like the flu. I'm glad that now that it's been almost 3 years since diagnosis, I've got this diet figured out much better and I don't gluten myself as much.

For me it took a few months initially for the joint pain to go away.

Black Sheep Apprentice
Black Sheep
Posted

I also suffer from joint pain. Before diagnosis my knuckles were swollen to about twice their normal size. I had to stop wearing rings. I had gone up a finger, and then I couldn't even do that. Getting them off was painful. Also hips, knees, ankles, shoulders, you name it. Walking was painful. I'm a woodwind player and it really slowed down my fingering and made it sloppy. Now things are back to normal and I'm playing a lot better and wearing rings again. I'm also running, biking, etc. When glutened it can get bad again. I can get aches all over like the flu. I'm glad that now that it's been almost 3 years since diagnosis, I've got this diet figured out much better and I don't gluten myself as much.

For me it took a few months initially for the joint pain to go away.

Do you mean that the swelling and pain went away due to going g.f., or were you also taking silica?

Please forgive me if you mentioned that earlier in

the thread and I missed it! :P

dilettantesteph Collaborator
dilettantesteph
Posted

My joint pain went away from going gluten-free. It took a few months. I didn't take any silica.

rnbwdiva Newbie
rnbwdiva
Posted

Does anyone else suffer with joint pain from being glutoned? I don't know which of my symptoms is worse... The GI symptoms, or the pain in my joints.

Absolutely! I was at the point where I had a lot of difficulty walking and was being treated for arthritis when I switched doctors out of frustration (they wanted to medicate me like crazy) and found a rheumatologist who said he didn't think I had arthritis at all... he found my many deficiencies and, one long and frustrating year later, I realized that almost all of the pain was my body swelling from the gluten.

I am trying Vit D and fish oil for the swelling, but still have many rough days. Humid, cloudy days are the worst....

Good luck!

Black Sheep Apprentice
Black Sheep
Posted

Humid, cloudy days are the worst....

Yes, aren't they special? :rolleyes: And I am in the Great NW, where it's cool, cloudy, and humid, about 300 days out of the year. :blink:

Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):
Celiac.com Sponsor (A8):

Celiac.com Sponsor (A8-M):


NE Mom Apprentice
NE Mom
Posted

joint pain was one of my main symptoms. In fact, I was actually dx'd with Fibromylagia before discovering that gluten was actually the problem. I have also removed dairy from my diet and have noticed that any "accidental" dairy ingestion actually causes the joint pain to flare up again. You also may be suffering from other food intolerances.

  • 2 months later...
SherBear Newbie
SherBear
Posted

joint pain was one of my main symptoms. In fact, I was actually dx'd with Fibromylagia before discovering that gluten was actually the problem. I have also removed dairy from my diet and have noticed that any "accidental" dairy ingestion actually causes the joint pain to flare up again. You also may be suffering from other food intolerances.

I have very bad joint pain, elbow, thumb, wrists, back heels. I found by avoiding starch, it lessens the pain. I thought it was goofy at first but in a few days to week i felt reflief. To know if the food you are eating is a starch you just add iodine to and it turns from amber to black ot dark brrwon. Make sure you never eat the test piece, because iodine is poisonous. no or low starch diets do work for relieving joint pain.

  • 2 weeks later...
Chakra2 Contributor
Chakra2
Posted

I'm 33 and it was my joint pain that finally got me worried enough to see a doctor. I thought for sure I had RA-- I couldn't believe how many of my joints were hurting, even toes and fingers. I think I have had celiac or gluten intolerance all my life (lots of GI issues startng in infancy ) but have only recently found out about it. My knees and hips started to hurt as a 13-14 year old and I was told that was just because a was a girl playing sports. I have always liked to stay active so I just exercised through the pain for the past 20 yrs. Maybe not the best plan but docs kept telling me hurting was inevitable if I kept running. Um, NOT TRUE!!!!! My joints are pain free for weeks at a time if I avoid gluten, dairy, corn, soy and nightshades. The nightshades has actually been the biggest bummer but it helps a lot to not eat those foods. I was mildly glutened today and within 2-3 hours my joints were really sore. It's great to know what causes it now, though, and to know that it will pass in a day or so. Now I know I can take it easy on the days I feel pain and be back to feeling good soon. Before sinc everyone told me the pain was inevitable I just pushed through. Grrrrrrrrr ... doctors. :( I even had knee surgery -- pointless. Changing my diet fixed my knee in days. The surgery did zip. Now I want to shout from the mountaintop about trying dietary changes for joint pain before resigning yourself to less activity or having surgery. Happy bending to all!

GFinDC Veteran
GFinDC
Posted

My joint pain is mostly gone now that I got off soy. It took a quite while off soy for the pain to go away, but it is much better now.

bluebonnet Explorer
bluebonnet
Posted

joint pain seems to be sticking around for me because of unfortunate cc during vacation and working at summer camp. i washed my jeep and the next day i felt so incredibly bruised in my shoulder blade near my spine as well as my sternum that i thought it was maybe a heart attack. along with horrible knee and hip pain. its very scary to feel that bad. just that tinest bit of gluten caused so much havoc. i thought everything was prepared so carefully too. found out the hard way that wasn't the case. the joint pain seems to be the hardest to heal.

  • 2 weeks later...
dreacakes Rookie
dreacakes
Posted

I have joint and tendon pain too.

I actually was treated for a severe flare-up of tendinitis and bursitis while I was working in a coffee shop a few years ago. My condition puzzled all of the doctors because the tendinitis wasn't localized- it was completely through both of my arms, finger tips to shoulders. It was also weird because my joints and tendons never swell, but still feel inflamed. Doctors couldn't do anything to help, so they declared me "permanent and stationary".

Since then I still have arm pain every day, and the "tendinitis" has flared up in different parts of my body as well.

I only went gluten free a few months ago, so my body is still recovering. One of the trigers for me trying a gluten-free diet was because my back was spasming so badly I could barely sit-up in my college classes. And since then it has gotten way better.

I'm also sensitive to corn and nightshades. I'm actually on the couch recovering right now because I've been (stupidly) eating too many wonderful gluten-free goodies that contain potato starch. :( (I love when I get off the couch and my hips and knees are so stiff I hobble around the house like I'm 90!) Why can't they make them with tapioca starch or something!!

GFinDC Veteran
GFinDC
Posted

I have joint and tendon pain too.

I actually was treated for a severe flare-up of tendinitis and bursitis while I was working in a coffee shop a few years ago. My condition puzzled all of the doctors because the tendinitis wasn't localized- it was completely through both of my arms, finger tips to shoulders. It was also weird because my joints and tendons never swell, but still feel inflamed. Doctors couldn't do anything to help, so they declared me "permanent and stationary".

Since then I still have arm pain every day, and the "tendinitis" has flared up in different parts of my body as well.

I only went gluten free a few months ago, so my body is still recovering. One of the triggers for me trying a gluten-free diet was because my back was spasming so badly I could barely sit-up in my college classes. And since then it has gotten way better.

I'm also sensitive to corn and nightshades. I'm actually on the couch recovering right now because I've been (stupidly) eating too many wonderful gluten-free goodies that contain potato starch. :( (I love when I get off the couch and my hips and knees are so stiff I hobble around the house like I'm 90!) Why can't they make them with tapioca starch or something!!

Yeah I hear you on the potato starch thing. I guess it's just so much cheaper for potato starch and that is why it gets used a lot. I can eat corn, so I don't check for that. But I can't do soy or dairy or nightshades. Anyway, Glutino has some breads that are potato and dairy and soy free. Kinickkinick hamburger buns are ok too, but their English Muffins have potato. Food for Life brown rice wraps are tater, dairy and soy free too. Check all of those for corn though cause I never look for that as a problem.

I was just looking at these Food for Life bars on Gluten free Mall and they seem like they might work too. They are on sale too. I haven't tried them myself though.

Open Original Shared Link

Darn210 Enthusiast
Darn210
Posted

Just wondering if any of you were tested for RA or Lupus . . . or did anyone have a positive ANA test but follow-up/more specific testing for RA/Lupus didn't result in a RA or Lupus diagnosis?

mushroom Proficient
mushroom
Posted

I was sero-negative for RA, but then psoriatic arthritis most often is sero-negative and the psoriasis showed up later. And the disease did not respond to lack of gluten or nightshades, unfortunately, although it's only been a year since I've been totally free of nightshades (forgot about that darned potato starch). I am afraid to stop the Humira I take for it because I was so miserable with it and it is totally resolved now (except for residual fat fingers and toes :P and a bit of joint damage )

  • 1 year later...
Charli61 Apprentice
Charli61
Posted

This forum has been fascinating for me to read. I have miserable pain in my hands and wrists particularly. Sometimes in my ankles and feet....also back and neck. I was tested for RA and that came back negative. The 'arthritis I don't have hurts a lot' is kind of my thinking. I have only been celiac diagnosed for a couple of months now. So, I haven't seen a huge change in my wrists/hands (I spent 26 years doing percussive therapy on my daughter who has Cystic Fibrosis, so figured hands/wrist pain was kind of a RSI) BUT I have been eating dairy the last couple of weeks. (since I started having lactaid tablets for it) I am just figuring out maybe the dairy is not helping. Also I see people relating their pain to soy (oh my gosh, I am vegetarian and would really miss soy) and also nightshades (will have to google to see what those consist of) I will cut out the dairy :( and see if that helps. If not then I will try cutting out soy and see if that does it. I really thought that I was doomed to just 'hurt' But maybe there is hope yet! I will post again if I find something that helps this. But I did want to thank you all........My doctor did NOT suggest that the pain could possibly be related to the Celiac disease. Please know, all of you, your posts are most helpful!

mushroom Proficient
mushroom
Posted

My doctor did NOT suggest that the pain could possibly be related to the Celiac disease. Please know, all of you, your posts are most helpful!

I have two rheumies, one in New Zealand and one in Nevada. The one in New Zealand (my second after I gave up on my first as a fuddy duddy) when I told her my suspicions, said "Oh well, it's too late to test you now.". (too long gluten free) The one in Nevada refused to believe there was any connection between RA and celiac, said he had never had a diagnosed celiac as a patient. I asked him how many he had tested :blink: Obvious answer, none! I am seronegative for RA - most people with psoriatic arthritis are. My psoriasis arrived after the RA.

My pain started in my neck, shoulders, wrists, hands, and in the metatarsals of my feet. I was lactose intolerant (not dairy, just the milk sugar component of dairy which we have trouble digesting if we have damaged the villi in our small intestine) for several years before self-diagnosis. I can now tolerate alll dairy again. I mostly eliminated nightshades because they are known to be inflammatory for people with arthritis - tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant - and then found when I tried to eat them in any amount I had problems. Soy is a biggie for me although I can now tolerate some soy lecitihin, as in chocolate :D And I can tolerate small amounts of potato starch again after years of avoidance. So I think it is possible to heal your gut and regain some of the foods that you hav to eliminate. But I am still avoiding legumes and citrus because those came later and I have to wait a big longer. :)

AVR1962 Collaborator
AVR1962
Posted

Last night got so bad, I thought I was going to end up going to the hospital. Today I'm back to normal. I VOW to be more diligent in reading labels!

Sorry to hear this. I too get bone pain when I get glutened. Does yours pass? Or does it come back without being glutened? Lack of vit D or inflammations can cause the pain as well. I have had a terrible time with my back and shooting pain down my left leg (scyatic nerve pain), stiff neck. I found a herbal anti-inflammatory tht seems to be helping quite a bit.

domesticactivist Collaborator
domesticactivist
Posted

Just wondering if any of you were tested for RA or Lupus . . . or did anyone have a positive ANA test but follow-up/more specific testing for RA/Lupus didn't result in a RA or Lupus diagnosis?

My son got tested for septic hip, Lupus, blood screening for leukemia, and all those were negative. He ended up with a tentative diagnosis of either septic hip or a reactive rhumatoid arthritis to pneumonia. The drs did no take into account his past, persistent joint and bone pain, either.

We have found that removing gluten removed all those symptoms, introducing it brings them back.

skyloft Newbie
skyloft
Posted

Lots of joint pain in my elbows which went away after 3 days on the diet. I feel 10 years younger.

Archived

This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies.

Go to topic listing

  • Get Celiac.com Updates:
    Support Celiac.com:
    Join eNewsletter
    Donate
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A17):
    Celiac.com Sponsor (A17):



    Celiac.com Sponsors (A17-M):



  • Recent Activity

    1. suek54
      - suek54 replied to suek54's topic in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
      7

      Awaiting dermatitis herpetiformis confirmation following biopsy

      Wow KK, thank you so much for all your attached info. I had a very quick scan but will read more in depth later. The one concerning corticosteroid use is very interesting. That would relate to secondary adrenal insufficiency I think , ie AI caused by steroids such as taken long term for eg asthma. I have primary autoimmune AI, my adrenals are atrophied...
    2. knitty kitty
      - knitty kitty replied to suek54's topic in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
      7

      Awaiting dermatitis herpetiformis confirmation following biopsy

      Welcome to the forum, @suek54, I have Dermatitis Herpetiformis, too. I found taking Niacin B3 very helpful in clearing my skin from blisters as well as improving the itchies-without-rash (peripheral neuropathy). Niacin has been used since the 1950's to improve dermatitis herpetiformis. I try to balance my iodine intake (which will cause flairs...
    3. suek54
      - suek54 replied to suek54's topic in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
      7

      Awaiting dermatitis herpetiformis confirmation following biopsy

      Thank you all for your advice and the dermatitis herpetiformis article. The latter made me realise I had stopped taking my antihistamine, which I will restart today. The Dapsone has cleared the rash entirely but I still get quite a bit itching, absolutely nothing to see though. I know its notoriously hard to clear and its still relatively early days for me...
    4. trents
      - trents replied to catnapt's topic in Celiac Disease Pre-Diagnosis, Testing & Symptoms
      3

      how much gluten do I need to eat before blood tests?

      So, essentially all of the nutrition in the food we eat is absorbed through the villous lining of the small bowel. This is the section of the intestinal track that is damaged by celiac disease. This villous lining is composed of billions of finger-like projections that create a huge amount of surface area for absorbing nutrients. For the celiac person, when...
    5. catnapt
      - catnapt replied to catnapt's topic in Celiac Disease Pre-Diagnosis, Testing & Symptoms
      3

      how much gluten do I need to eat before blood tests?

      thank you so much for your detailed and extremely helpful reply!! I can say with absolute certainty that the less gluten containing products I've eaten over the past several years, the better I've felt. I wasn't avoiding gluten, I was avoiding refined grains (and most processed foods) as well as anything that made me feel bad when I ate it. It's the...
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A19):

  • Member Statistics

    • Total Members
      133,259
    • Most Online (within 30 mins)
      7,748
    Tdodge
    Newest Member
    Tdodge
    Joined
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A20):
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A22):

  • Forum Statistics

    • Total Topics
      121.6k
    • Total Posts
      1m
  • Celiac.com Sponsor (A21):

  • Upcoming Events

  • Posts

    • suek54
      Awaiting dermatitis herpetiformis confirmation following biopsy

      By suek54 · Posted

      Wow KK, thank you so much for all your attached info. I had a very quick scan but will read more in depth later.  The one concerning corticosteroid use is very interesting. That would relate to secondary adrenal insufficiency I think , ie AI caused by steroids such as taken long term for eg asthma. I have primary autoimmune AI, my adrenals are atrophied, no chance if recovery there. But I am in touch with some secondaries, so something to bear in mind. .  Niacin B3 Very interesting too. Must have a good read about that.  Im sure lots of questions will arise as I progress with dermatitis herpetiformis. In the mean time, thanks for your help.
    • knitty kitty
      Awaiting dermatitis herpetiformis confirmation following biopsy

      By knitty kitty · Posted

      Welcome to the forum, @suek54, I have Dermatitis Herpetiformis, too.  I found taking Niacin B3 very helpful in clearing my skin from blisters as well as improving the itchies-without-rash (peripheral neuropathy).  Niacin has been used since the 1950's to improve dermatitis herpetiformis.   I try to balance my iodine intake (which will cause flairs) with Selenium which improves thyroid function.   Interesting Reading: Dermatitis herpetiformis effectively treated with heparin, tetracycline and nicotinamide https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10844495/   Experience with selenium used to recover adrenocortical function in patients taking glucocorticosteroids long https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24437222/   Two Cases of Dermatitis Herpetiformis Successfully Treated with Tetracycline and Niacinamide https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30390734/   Steroid-Resistant Rash With Neuropsychiatric Deterioration and Weight Loss: A Modern-Day Case of Pellagra https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12532421/#:~:text=Figure 2.,(right panel) upper limbs.&text=The distribution of the rash,patient's substantial response to treatment.   Nicotinic acid therapy of dermatitis herpetiformis (1950) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15412276/
    • suek54
      Awaiting dermatitis herpetiformis confirmation following biopsy

      By suek54 · Posted

      Thank you all for your advice and the dermatitis herpetiformis article. The latter made me realise I had stopped taking my antihistamine, which I will restart today. The Dapsone has cleared the rash entirely but I still get quite a bit itching, absolutely nothing to see though. I know its notoriously hard to clear and its still relatively early days for me.  The iodine issue is very interesting. I do eat quite a bit of salt because I have Addison's disease and sodium retention is an issue. I also have autoimmune hypothyroidism, not sure how a low iodine diet would play into that? Because of my Addison's I am totally steroid dependent, I take steroids 4 x daily and cannot mount any defence against inflammation. I need to increase my meds for that. Now that I know what is wrong I can do just that if Im having a bad day. Life is very sweet, just so damn complicated sometimes! Hey ho, onwards. Thank you again for your advice.  
    • trents
      how much gluten do I need to eat before blood tests?

      By trents · Posted

      So, essentially all of the nutrition in the food we eat is absorbed through the villous lining of the small bowel. This is the section of the intestinal track that is damaged by celiac disease. This villous lining is composed of billions of finger-like projections that create a huge amount of surface area for absorbing nutrients. For the celiac person, when gluten is consumed, it triggers an autoimmune reaction in this area which, of course, generates inflammation. The antibodies connected with this inflammation is what the celiac blood tests are designed to detect but this inflammation, over time, wears down the finger-like projections of the villous lining. Of course, when this proceeds for an extended period of time, greatly reduces the absorption efficiency of the villous lining and often results in many and various nutrient deficiency-related health issues. Classic examples would be osteoporosis and iron deficiency. But there are many more. Low D3 levels is a well-known celiac-caused nutritional deficiency. So is low B12. All the B vitamins in fact. Magnesium, zinc, etc.  Celiac disease can also cause liver inflammation. You mention elevated ALP levels. Elevated liver enzymes over a period of 13 years was what led to my celiac diagnosis. Within three months of going gluten free my liver enzymes normalized. I had elevated AST and ALT. The development of sensitivities to other food proteins is very common in the celiac population. Most common cross reactive foods are dairy and oats but eggs, soy and corn are also relatively common offenders. Lactose intolerance is also common in the celiac population because of damage to the SB lining.  Eggs when they are scrambled or fried give me a gut ache. But when I poach them, they do not. The steam and heat of poaching causes a hydrolysis process that alters the protein in the egg. They don't bother me in baked goods either so I assume the same process is at work. I bought a plastic poacher on Amazon to make poaching very easy. All this to say that many of the issues you describe could be caused by celiac disease. 
    • catnapt
      how much gluten do I need to eat before blood tests?

      By catnapt · Posted

      thank you so much for your detailed and extremely helpful reply!! I can say with absolute certainty that the less gluten containing products I've eaten over the past several years, the better I've felt.   I wasn't avoiding gluten, I was avoiding refined grains (and most processed foods) as well as anything that made me feel bad when I ate it. It's the same reason I gave up dairy and eggs- they make me feel ill.  I do have a bit of a sugar addiction lol so a lot of times I wasn't sure if it was the refined grains that I was eating - or the sugar. So from time to time I might have a cookie or something but I've learned how to make wonderful cookies and golden brownies with BEANS!! and no refined sugar - I use date paste instead. Pizza made me so ill- but I thought it was probably the cheese. I gave up pizza and haven't missed it. the one time I tried a slice I felt so bad I knew I'd never touch it again. I stopped eating wheat pasta at least 3 yrs ago- just didn't feel well after eating it. I tried chick pea pasta and a few others and discovered I like the brown rice pasta. I still don't eat a lot of pasta but it's nice for a change when I want something easy. TBH over the years I've wondered sometimes if I might be gluten intolerant but really believed it was not possible for me to have celiac disease. NOW I need to know for sure- because I'm in the middle of a long process of trying to find out why I have a high parathyroid level (NOT the thyroid- but rather the 4 glands that control the calcium balance in your body) I have had a hard time getting my vit D level up, my serum calcium has run on the low side of normal for many years... and now I am losing calcium from my bones and excreting it in my urine (some sort of renal calcium leak) Also have a high ALP since 2014. And now rapidly worsening bone density.  I still do not have a firm diagnosis. Could be secondary HPT (but secondary to what? we need to know) It could be early primary HPT. I am spilling calcium in my urine but is that caused by the high parathyroid hormone or is it the reason my PTH is high>? there are multiple feedback loops for this condition.    so I will keep eating the bread and some wheat germ that does not seem to bother me too much (it hasn't got enough gluten to use just wheat germ)    but I'm curious- if you don't have a strong reaction to a product- like me and wheat germ- does that mean it's ok to eat or is it still causing harm even if you don't have any obvious symptoms? I guess what you are saying about silent celiac makes it likely that you can have no symptoms and still have the harm... but geez! you'd think they'd come up with a way to test for this that didn't require you to consume something that makes you sick! I worry about the complications I've been reading about- different kinds of cancers etc. also wondering- are there degrees of celiac disease?  is there any correlation between symptoms and the amnt of damage to your intestines? I also need a firm diagnosis because I have an identical twin sister ... so if I have celiac, she has it too- or at least the genetic make up for having it. I did have a VERY major stress to my body in 2014-2016 time frame .. lost 50lbs in a short period of time and had severe symptoms from acute protracted withdrawal off an SSRI drug (that I'd been given an unethically high dose of, by a dr who has since lost his license)  Going off the drug was a good thing and in many ways my health improved dramatically- just losing 50lbs was helpful but I also went  off almost a dozen different medications, totally changed my diet and have been doing pretty well except for the past 3-4 yrs when the symptoms related to the parathyroid issue cropped up. It is likely that I had low vit D for some time and that caused me a lot of symptoms. The endo now tells me that low vit D can be caused by celiac disease so I need to know for sure! thank you for all that great and useful information!!! 
×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

NOTICE: This site places This site places cookies on your device (Cookie settings). on your device. Continued use is acceptance of our Terms of Use, and Privacy Policy.